Menon, Nidhiyavan der Meulen Rodgers, Yana2012-03-192012-03-192011-08-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3509This paper examines how Nepal's 1996-2006 civil conflict affected women's decisions to engage in employment. Using three waves of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, the authors employ a difference-in-difference approach to identify the impact of war on women's employment decisions. The results indicate that as a result of the Maoist-led insurgency, women's employment probabilities were substantially higher in 2001 and 2006 relative to the outbreak of war in 1996. These employment results also hold for self-employment decisions, and they hold for smaller sub-samples that condition on husband's migration status and women's status as widows or household heads. Numerous robustness checks of the difference-in-difference estimates based on alternative empirical methods provide compelling evidence that women's likelihood of employment increased as a consequence of the conflict.CC BY 3.0 IGOABDUCTIONACCESS TO EDUCATIONACCESS TO ELECTRICITYAGE OF MARRIAGEAGGREGATE INCOMEAGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENTAGRICULTURAL WAGEAGRICULTURAL WAGE EMPLOYMENTAID AGENCIESBULLETINBUSINESS CYCLECASH EARNINGSCHILD WELFARECHILD-CARECIVIL CONFLICTCIVIL WARDEMOCRACYDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT POLICYDISABILITYDISPLACEMENTDISSEMINATIONDIVORCEDOMINANCEECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIC SHOCKECONOMIC SHOCKSECONOMIC SLOWDOWNEDUCATED WOMENELDERLYEMPLOYEEEMPLOYMENT EFFECTSEMPLOYMENT IMPACTSEMPLOYMENT OF WOMENEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT PATTERNSEMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIESEMPLOYMENT STATUSETHNIC GROUPETHNIC GROUPSEXCLUSION RESTRICTIONFAMILIESFAMILY HEALTHFAMILY HEALTH DIVISIONFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY PLANNINGFARM PRODUCTIONFARM WORKFEMALEFEMALE LABORFERTILITYFERTILITY DECLINEFOOD SECURITYFORCED MIGRATIONFOREIGN LABORFOREST COVERFORESTED REGIONSFUTURE GENERATIONSGENDERGENDER STUDIESGENOCIDEGIRL CHILDRENHEADS OF HOUSEHOLDSHEALTH SYSTEMSHOMEHOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSHOUSEHOLD COMPOSITIONHOUSEHOLD FACTORSHOUSEHOLD HEADHOUSEHOLD HEADSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN CAPITAL FORMATIONHUSBANDHUSBANDSIMPACT OF CONFLICTIMPORTANT POLICYINCOME INEQUALITYINDICATOR OF POVERTYINEQUITIESINFORMAL SECTORJOB CREATIONJOB LOSSJOBSJUDGELABOR DEMANDLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET PERFORMANCELABOR MARKETSLABOR MIGRATIONLABOR STANDARDSLABOR SUPPLYLABOURLABOUR SUPPLYLOCAL POPULATIONMALE WORKERSMARITAL STATUSMARRIED COUPLESMARRIED WOMENMIGRANTMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMINISTRY OF HEALTHMORTALITYMORTALITY OF MENNATIONAL LEVELNUMBER OF DEATHSNUMBER OF WOMENOCCUPATIONOCCUPATIONSOLDER WOMENPARTICIPATION OF WOMENPAYING JOBSPEACEPOLICY DISCUSSIONSPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOORPOPULATION STUDIESPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY REDUCTIONPREVIOUS RESULTSPRIMARY SCHOOLPROBIT EQUATIONSPROBIT REGRESSIONPROBIT REGRESSIONSPROGRESSRADIOREGIONAL LEVELREMITTANCEREMITTANCESRESIDENCERURALRURAL AREASSCHOOL AGESCHOOLINGSECONDARY SCHOOLSELF-EMPLOYMENTSOCIAL CHANGESOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIOECONOMIC STATUSSPOUSESUB-REGIONSUB-REGIONSSUBREGIONSSUBSISTENCESUBSISTENCE FARMINGSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTARGETINGTELEVISIONUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTVICTIMSVOCATIONAL TRAININGWAGE EMPLOYMENTWARWARSWIDOWSWILLWIVESWOMANWOMEN'S STATUSWOMENS LABOR FORCEWORK BURDENSWORKERWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5745