Independent Evaluation Group2013-06-102013-06-102013-03978-1-60244-227-6https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13823The services provided by investments in road networks, railways and transit systems, and ports for trade by air and water are important contributors to poverty alleviation and economic growth. Sustained transport investments can support poverty reduction directly, in terms of improving access and thus economic opportunity targeted to the rural poor, and through facilitating broad-based growth. But the impact of infrastructure investments and the services that arise from them can be undermined by poor operations and maintenance. The objective of this evaluation is to assess the effectiveness of Bank group support to countries in sustaining the provision of transport infrastructure and services and to distill lessons on the factors contributing to sustained transport. In the context of this evaluation sustained provision of infrastructure and services is defined as the extent to which the policies, institutional and regulatory framework, sector management capacity, and financial arrangements are in place to ensure that transport infrastructure is operated and maintained, enabling a reliable flow of services over the long term. The term transport is used throughout this report to mean transport infrastructure and services, unless otherwise specified.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO JOBSACCESSIBILITYACCOUNTABILITYAFFORDABLE TRANSPORTAIRAIR POLLUTIONAIR QUALITYAIR TRANSPORTAIRPORTSAUTONOMYAVERAGE TRAVEL SPEEDBUSCAPACITY BUILDINGCAPITAL EXPENDITURESCAPITAL INVESTMENTCARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONSCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON TRANSPORTCARGOCLIMATE CHANGECONCESSIONSCONGESTIONCONGESTION CHARGESDEMAND FOR TRANSPORTDEMAND FOR TRANSPORT SERVICESDIESELEFFICIENT TRANSPORTEMISSIONS FROM ROADEMISSIONS FROM ROAD TRANSPORTEMPLOYMENTENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONFARE INTEGRATIONFINANCIAL PROJECTIONSFINANCING OF INFRASTRUCTUREFOSSIL FUELSFREIGHTFREIGHT MOVEMENTSFUELFUEL PRICESFUEL SAVINGSGOVERNMENT AGENCIESGREENHOUSE EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTHIGHWAYHIGHWAY PLANNINGHIGHWAY PROJECTSHIGHWAYSIMPACT OF TRANSPORTINCOMEINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINFRASTRUCTURE PLANNINGINSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTLOCOMOTIVELONG COMMUTESMANDATESMASS TRANSITMASS TRANSIT SYSTEMSMOBILITYMODAL PLANNINGMODE OF TRANSPORTMODES OF TRANSPORTNATIONAL HIGHWAYSO&MPASSENGERSPATHPIARCPORTS FOR TRADEPRIVATE TRANSPORTPRODUCTIVITYPSPPUBLIC FINANCERAILRAIL TRAFFICRAILWAYSRAPID TRANSITRAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMSRATE OF RETURNRECONSTRUCTIONREGISTRATION FEESREGULATORY FRAMEWORKRESOURCE ALLOCATIONROADROAD AGENCYROAD AUTHORITYROAD FINANCINGROAD FUNDSROAD INFRASTRUCTUREROAD MAINTENANCEROAD NETWORKROAD NETWORKSROAD REHABILITATIONROAD SAFETYROAD SECTORRURAL ROADRURAL ROAD NETWORKSRURAL ROADSSAFEGUARD POLICIESSPANSTRUCTURESSURCHARGESSUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTSYNERGIESTAXATIONTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETOLLTOLL ROADTOLL ROAD CONSTRUCTIONTOLL ROADSTRANSITTRANSIT SYSTEMSTRANSPORTTRANSPORT AUTHORITIESTRANSPORT AUTHORITYTRANSPORT COMMUNITYTRANSPORT DEMANDTRANSPORT FINANCETRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT INVESTMENTTRANSPORT INVESTMENTSTRANSPORT MARKETTRANSPORT MODETRANSPORT MODESTRANSPORT OPERATIONSTRANSPORT POLICYTRANSPORT POLICY DECISIONTRANSPORT PROJECTSTRANSPORT SAFETYTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SECTOR EMISSIONSTRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORT STRATEGIESTRANSPORT STRATEGYTRANSPORT SYSTEMSTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION PLANNINGTRAVEL SPEEDTRAVEL TIMETRIPTRIP RATEUNDERPINNINGURBAN CONGESTIONURBAN TRANSPORTURBAN TRANSPORT PLANNINGURBAN TRANSPORT PROJECTSURBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMUSER CHARGESVEHICLEVEHICLE OPERATINGVEHICLE OPERATING COSTSVEHICLE REGISTRATIONVEHICLE REGISTRATION FEESVEHICLESWEATHER CONDITIONSWORLD ROAD ASSOCIATIONWorld Bank10.1596/978-1-60244-227-6