World Bank2014-04-012014-04-012014https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17543In many Pacific island countries, meeting non-food basic needs is a growing challenge and further complicated by substantial economic and environmental risks. Hardship and vulnerability are increasingly prominent concerns in Pacific island countries, but the knowledge base to guide policymaking is limited. Family and community networks are central to life in most Pacific island countries, providing critical support to members in need and acting as safety nets when individuals or households experience losses from shocks. The primary objective of this report is to present solid empirical evidence of hardship, vulnerability to shocks, and risk management in the Pacific region. The report is primarily a stocktaking exercise that brings together existing evidence and new analysis of available data using a consistent framework. The report takes a "micro" perspective that of the individual and household but accounts for the important role of communities, the state, and international partners. This report focuses on risks, but accounts for the role of opportunities when possible. While remaining supportive of viable economic growth sectors, given the limited means of most Pacific governments, expenditure should be carefully focused on investments with high expected economic returns and relatively low risks. Development partners can play a role in financing these investments and in sharing experiences on what works from other parts of the world.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO SERVICESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYBASIC NEEDSBULLETINCAPACITY CONSTRAINTSCASH INCOMECASH TRANSFER PROGRAMCHILD MORTALITYCHILDREN PER WOMANCIVIL UNRESTCLIMATE CHANGECONFLICTCONSUMER DEMANDCONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTIONCOVARIATE SHOCKSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT GOALSDIETDISEASESDOMESTIC VIOLENCEDRINKING WATERDROUGHTECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATIONECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INSECURITYECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESECONOMIC REVIEWECONOMIC SHOCKSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEFFECTIVE ACTIONELDERLYELDERLY PEOPLEENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGEEPIDEMICETHNIC CONFLICTEXTREME POVERTYEXTREME POVERTY LINEFEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDSFERTILITYFERTILITY RATEFERTILITY RATESFINANCIAL INSTRUMENTSFOOD IMPORTSFOOD INSECURITYFOOD NEEDSFOOD POVERTYFOOD POVERTY LINEFOOD POVERTY LINESGLOBAL MARKETSGOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTSGOVERNMENT POLICIESGROSS NATIONAL INCOMEHEADCOUNT RATIOHEALTH EXPENDITURESHOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSHOUSEHOLD HEADHOUSEHOLD HEAD AGEHOUSEHOLD HEADSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD MEMBERSHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSINGHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKSILLNESSESINCOMEINCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIESINEQUALITYINSURANCEINTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCEINTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONKINSHIPKINSHIP NETWORKSKNOWLEDGE BASELABOR MARKETLABOR MARKETSLACK OF INFORMATIONLACK OF KNOWLEDGELAND MANAGEMENTLEGAL STATUSLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLIFE EXPECTANCYLIMITED RESOURCESLIVING STANDARDSMEASURING POVERTYMETHODOLOGICAL CHOICESMIGRANTMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMINISTRY OF EDUCATIONMINORITYNATIONAL HEALTH EXPENDITURESNATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL POVERTYNATIONAL POVERTY LINESNATURAL DISASTERNATURAL DISASTERSNATURAL GASNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCESNATURAL SHOCKSNON-FOOD NEEDSNUMBER OF CHILDRENNUMBER OF PEOPLENUTRITIONOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMENPANDEMICPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOORPOVERTY ANALYSISPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY MEASUREMENTPOVERTY MEASURESPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY RATESPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLPROGRESSPROVISION OF SERVICESPUBLIC RESOURCESPUBLIC SERVICESPURCHASING POWERPURCHASING POWER PARITYQUALITY EDUCATIONQUALITY OF EDUCATIONQUALITY OF LIFERECIPROCITYREGIONAL PARTNERSREGULATORY BARRIERSREMITTANCEREMITTANCESRISK MANAGEMENTRURALRURAL AREASRURAL DIFFERENCESRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL INEQUALITYSAFE WATERSAFETY NETSAFETY NETSSANITATIONSAVINGSSAVINGS ACCOUNTSSCHOOLINGSECONDARY SCHOOLSECONDARY SCHOOLSSERVICE DELIVERYSMALL COUNTRIESSOCIAL COHESIONSOCIAL INSURANCE PROGRAMSSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL PROGRAMSSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SERVICESSPATIAL DIFFERENCESSPATIAL DISPERSIONSPATIAL VARIATIONSUBSISTENCESUPPLY CHAINSTARGETINGTECHNICAL CAPACITYTERTIARY EDUCATIONTOTAL POVERTYTOTAL POVERTY LINETRADITIONAL PRACTICESTRANSFER PROGRAMSTRANSIENT ILLNESSUNWANTED PREGNANCYURBAN AREASURBAN CENTERSURBAN HOUSEHOLDSURBAN SLUMSURBANIZATIONURBANIZED COUNTRIESVULNERABILITYVULNERABLE GROUPSVULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDSVULNERABLE PEOPLEWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONYOUNG CHILDRENYOUNG POPULATIONS10.1596/17543