Kilic, TalipDabalen, AndrewWane, Waly2012-05-222012-05-222008-11https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6316In 1993, in response to persistent unemployment, and rising poverty and social unrest, the government of Albania introduced an anti-poverty program, namely Ndihma Ekonomike; in 1995 it was extended to all poor households. This paper estimates the separate effects of participation in this income support program and the old-age pension program on objective and subjective measures of household poverty. The analysis uses the nationally representative Albanian Living Standards Measurement Surveys carried out in 2002 and 2005. Using propensity score matching methods, the paper finds that Ndihma Ekonomike households, particularly urban residents, have lower per capita consumption and are more likely to be discontented with their lives, financial situation, and consumption levels than their matched comparators. In contrast, households receiving pensions are not significantly different from their matched comparators in reference to the same set of outcomes. The paper finds that the negative impact of Ndihma Ekonomike participation on welfare is driven by a negative labor supply response among work-eligible individuals. This negative labor response is larger among women and urban residents. In contrast to Ndihma Ekonomike, the receipt of old-age pension income transfers does not significantly impact the labor supply of prime-age individuals living in pension householdsCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO CREDITACCESS TO EDUCATIONACCESS TO SERVICESACCOUNTINGADDITIONAL CONTRIBUTIONADMINISTRATIVE COSTSAGE CATEGORIESAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICSAGRICULTURAL SECTORAPPLICATION PROCESSAVERAGE BENEFITBASIC NEEDSCALCULATIONSCASH TRANSFERSCHRONIC DISEASECITIZENSCOMMUNITY HEALTHCOMMUNITY SERVICESCONTRIBUTION RATECONTRIBUTIONSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDISABILITYDISABILITY BENEFITSDISABLEDDOWNWARD BIASDRUG ABUSEDRUGSEARNINGSECONOMIC ACTIVITIESECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC MANAGEMENTECONOMIC STATUSEDUCATION LEVELSELDERLYEMPLOYEREMPLOYERSEMPLOYMENT GENERATIONEMPLOYMENT GROWTHEMPLOYMENT OFFICEEMPLOYMENT OUTCOMESEMPLOYMENT PROMOTIONEMPLOYMENT RATEEMPLOYMENT STATUSEXPENDITURESEXTENDED FAMILIESFAMILIESFAMILY LABORFARMERFEMALE LABORFEMALE WORKERSFINANCIAL ASSISTANCEFINANCIAL SITUATIONFOOD SECURITYGENDERGENDER DISPARITIESHEAD OF HOUSEHOLDHEALTH SERVICESHOME VISITSHOSPITALHOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD POVERTYHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD WELFAREHOUSEHOLD WORKHOUSEHOLDSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTILLNESSIMMOVABLE PROPERTIESINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINCOME SOURCESINCOME SUPPORTINCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMINCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMSINCOME TAXINCOME TAX CREDITINCOMESINEQUALITYINFLATIONINFORMAL SECTORINSURANCEINTERNATIONAL BANKINVESTMENT SCHEMESJOB CREATIONJOB SEARCHJOB TENUREJOB TRAININGJOBSLABOR DEMANDLABOR ECONOMICSLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET ASSESSMENTLABOR MARKET OUTCOMESLABOR MARKETSLABOR OFFICELABOR SUPPLYLAID-OFF WORKERSLAND REGISTRATIONLEVEL OF CONTRIBUTIONSLEVELS OF RISKLIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDSLOCAL AUTHORITIESLONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENTLOW INCOMEMARRIED COUPLESMATERNITY BENEFITSMEDICAL TREATMENTMINIMUM PENSIONMINIMUM WAGEMINIMUM WAGESNEW JOBSOCCUPATIONSOLD AGEOLD-AGEPAYING JOBPENSIONPENSION CONTRIBUTIONPENSION FUNDPENSION INCOMEPENSION RIGHTSPENSION TRANSFERPENSION TRANSFERSPENSIONERPENSIONERSPENSIONSPERMANENT JOBPERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENTPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOVERTY LEVELSPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRICE CONTROLSPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIVATE PROPERTYPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR WORKERSPRIVATIZATIONPROBABILITIESPROBABILITYPROBIT REGRESSIONPROBIT REGRESSIONSPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPROGRAM ADMINISTRATORSPROGRAM ASSIGNMENTPROGRAM BENEFICIARIESPROGRAM COSTPROGRESSPROPERTY OWNERSHIPPUBLIC ECONOMICSPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEESPUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENTPUBLIC SERVICESQUESTIONNAIRERECEIPTRECEIPTSRESPECTRETIREMENTRETIREMENT AGERURAL AREASRURAL LABORRURAL WORKERSSAFETYSALARIESSALARYSALESCHOOL STUDENTSSECONDARY SCHOOLSELF-EMPLOYMENTSELF-RELIANCESINGLE MOTHERSSOCIAL AFFAIRSSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SERVICESOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL UNRESTSOURCES OF INCOMESTATE-OWNED ENTERPRISESTOTAL EMPLOYMENTTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITYTRAINING COURSESTRAINING PROGRAMUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYED INDIVIDUALSUNEMPLOYED JOB SEEKERSUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITSUNEMPLOYMENT RATEUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNINTENDED CONSEQUENCEURBAN AREASURBAN WOMENVOCATIONAL TRAININGWAGE DISTRIBUTIONWAGE EMPLOYMENTWARWELFARE PROGRAMSWELFARE RECIPIENTSWELFARE REFORMWORKERWORKING AGEWORKING-AGE POPULATIONYEARS OF SERVICEWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4783