Olievschi, Vasile Nicolae2014-01-102014-01-102013-03https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16557In most of the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries railways have played, throughout history, a key part in the economic development maintaining a dominant role in transporting freight and passengers at low costs. During the last 50 years, the road transport in the region as throughout the world has expanded rapidly due to the aggressive development of the automobile industry. African governments have invested mainly in road infrastructure improvement, neglecting railways. The liberalization in road transport and the slow response of railways to adapt to the new market conditions resulted in dramatic traffic decline in rail transport. By 1990 most of the Sub-Saharan African railways were in virtual bankruptcy, requiring permanent cash injection and large investments in infrastructure and rolling stock. To address the crisis, many governments have considered concessions as a solution, and between the mid-1990s and 2010 most of the railways were concessioned. Currently, more than 70 percent of the rail transport activities in the region (excluding South Africa) are managed by private operators. The World Bank Group (IDA and IFC) has supported most concession processes through grants and loans, investing since 1996 more than one billion dollars to support the efforts of the governments and private operators. The recommendations suggested in the present document are based on a comprehensive approach for improving the performance of the railway sector in parallel with the enhancement of the governance of the transport sector. The rhythm of implementation of such a complex set of recommendations may vary from country to country depending on local conditions and will require, in any case, a long period of time. Nevertheless, the dramatic status of the railway transport sector in SSA requires rapid actions. In this respect, the present work includes a selected list of most urgent recommendations to be implemented in the first stage. The way ahead for improving the performance of railways in Sub-Saharan Africa is a complex endeavor that cannot be achieved without the strong involvement of the private sector.Compte tenu de l’importance de son rôle dans la facilitation du commerce et le développement économique et social, on peut se demander pourquoi un continent de la taille de l’Afrique, qui compte plus de 20 pays enclavés, peine encore à assurer la capacité et la fiabilité de son réseau ferroviaire. Au tournant du siècle dernier, un certain nombre de pays africains confrontés à un secteur ferroviaire en perte de vitesse et à la recherche d’une réponse à la nécessité impérieuse d’investir dans l’infrastructure ferroviaire, ont décidé de faire appel au secteur privé dans l’exploitation et la gestion des réseaux ferroviaires et d’établir des partenariats public-privé sous forme de contrats de gestion ou de concession. La présente étude a pour objectif de cerner les problèmes de performance du secteur et de tirer les enseignements des expériences les plus récentes, de manière à définir les bases sur lesquelles s’appuieraient les décisions à prendre et les politiques à mettre en œuvre par les pays partenaires du Programme de Politiques de Transport en Afrique (SSATP). Après avoir identifié les problèmes, l’auteur se concentre sur les réponses éventuelles des gouvernements aux questions suivantes : quels sont les actions et le cadre à mettre en place pour que le rail retrouve sa compétitivité ? Que faut-il faire pour améliorer la gestion des équipements, rétablir la fiabilité du service et sa viabilité financière ? Enfin, l’auteur tire des enseignements sur les questions de propriété, de partenariat et de responsabilité financière des acteurs publics et privés.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS CHARGEACCOUNTABILITYACCURATE ASSESSMENTAUDITSAUTOMOBILEAUTOMOBILE INDUSTRYAVERAGE SPEEDSAXLE LOADBORDER CROSSINGBRIDGEBRIDGESBUSESCAPACITY BUILDINGCAPITAL BASECAPITALIZATIONCOACHESCOMMUTER SERVICESCOMPETITIVE TRANSPORT MARKETCONCESSION AGREEMENTSCONCESSION CONTRACTSCONCESSION FEESCONCESSIONSCORRIDORCOSTS OF TRANSPORTDEBTDEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY SECTOREARTHWORKSECONOMIC CONDITIONSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITYECONOMIES OF SCALEEMISSIONSENGINEERING STRUCTURESEXCISE TAXFARESFINANCIAL BURDENFINANCIAL CAPACITYFINANCIAL DATAFINANCIAL EFFICIENCYFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL PERFORMANCEFINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITYFINANCING OF INFRASTRUCTUREFIXED COSTSFORWARDERSFRAMEWORKFREIGHTFREIGHT OPERATIONSFREIGHT TRAFFICFREIGHT TRANSPORTFREQUENT DERAILMENTSFUELFUEL PRICESGENERATIONGENERATION CONCESSIONSGREENHOUSE GASHAULAGEHIGH TRAFFIC DENSITYINCOMEINFRASTRUCTURE COSTINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTSINFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENTINFRASTRUCTURE REHABILITATIONINSURANCEINTERNATIONAL FINANCEINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONINTERNATIONAL UNION OF RAILWAYSINVESTMENT IN RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTUREISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANKLAND TRANSPORTLAND TRANSPORTATIONLAWSLEASINGLEGAL FRAMEWORKLOCOMOTIVESLONGER DISTANCESLORRIESMANAGEMENT CONTRACTSMARKET CONDITIONSMARKET DISTORTIONSMINISTRY OF TRANSPORTMODE OF TRANSPORTMODES OF TRANSPORTNATIONAL RAILWAYNATURAL RESOURCESOPERATING COSTSPASSENGERPASSENGER RAILPASSENGER REVENUESPASSENGER SERVICESPASSENGER TRAFFICPASSENGER TRAINSPASSENGER TRANSPORTPASSENGER-KILOMETERPASSENGERSPOLICEPORT AUTHORITIESPORT CONCESSIONSPORTSPPPPRIVATE INVESTORPRIVATE OPERATORSPRIVATE RAILWAYSPRIVATIZATIONPRODUCTIVITYPSOPUBLIC FINANCEPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC PARTNERSHIPPUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGATIONRAILRAIL ACTIVITIESRAIL CONCESSIONSRAIL CORRIDORSRAIL FREIGHTRAIL INFRASTRUCTURERAIL INFRASTRUCTURESRAIL MARKETRAIL NETWORKRAIL NETWORKSRAIL OPERATIONSRAIL REVENUERAIL SECTORRAIL SERVICESRAIL TRAFFICRAIL TRANSITRAIL TRANSIT TIMERAIL TRANSPORTRAIL TRANSPORT ACTIVITIESRAIL TRANSPORT SECTORRAILSRAILWAYRAILWAY ACTIVITIESRAILWAY COMPANIESRAILWAY COMPANYRAILWAY CONCESSIONRAILWAY CONCESSIONAIRESRAILWAY CONCESSIONSRAILWAY INDUSTRYRAILWAY LINERAILWAY LINESRAILWAY MANAGEMENTRAILWAY MARKETRAILWAY NETWORKRAILWAY NETWORKSRAILWAY OPERATIONSRAILWAY OPERATORRAILWAY OPERATORSRAILWAY PERFORMANCERAILWAY REGULATORRAILWAY RESTRUCTURINGRAILWAY SECTORRAILWAY SERVICESRAILWAY STAFFRAILWAY SYSTEMRAILWAY SYSTEMSRAILWAY TRAFFICRAILWAY TRANSPORTRAILWAY TRANSPORT SECTORRAILWAYSRAILWAYS CORPORATIONRAILWAYS OPERATIONSRATE OF RETURNREGIONAL TRANSPORTATIONREGULATORY FRAMEWORKRETURN ON EQUITYROADROAD FUNDSROAD INFRASTRUCTUREROAD NETWORKROAD NETWORKSROAD TRAFFICROAD TRANSPORTROADSROLLING STOCKROUTESAFETYSAFETY REGULATIONSSERVICE CONTRACTSSHARINGSPANSPEEDSTATIONSSTONESUSTAINABLE MOBILITYTAXTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETIMBERTRACKTRACKSTRAFFICTRAFFIC DENSITYTRAFFIC GROWTHTRAFFIC INTENSITYTRAFFIC LEVELSTRAFFIC UNITSTRAFFIC VOLUMESTRAIN DRIVERSTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORT ACTIVITIESTRANSPORT ACTIVITYTRANSPORT CAPACITYTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURESTRANSPORT MARKETTRANSPORT MODETRANSPORT MODESTRANSPORT OPERATIONSTRANSPORT POLICYTRANSPORT SAFETYTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORT SYSTEMTRANSPORT SYSTEMSTRANSPORT TARIFFSTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION MARKETTRANSPORTATION SYSTEMTRUCKSTUNNELSURBAN SERVICESVEHICLESVOLUME OF TRAFFICWAGONSWEALTHWorld Bank10.1596/16557