Mattoo, AadityaHoekman, Bernard2012-05-252012-05-252008-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6460The competitiveness of firms in open economies is increasingly determined by access to low-cost and high-quality producer services - telecommunications, transport and distribution services, financial intermediation, etc. This paper discusses the role of services in economic growth, focusing in particular on channels through which openness to trade in services may increase productivity at the level of the economy as a whole, industries and the firm. The authors explore what recent empirical work suggests could be done to enhance comparative advantage in the production and export of services and how to design policy reforms to open services markets to greater foreign participation in a way that ensures not just greater efficiency but also greater equity in terms of access to services.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO TELECOMMUNICATIONSACCOUNTINGAFFILIATESAGRICULTUREAIRAIR CARRIERAIRPORTSANTI-COMPETITIVE PRACTICESBALANCE OF PAYMENTSBANK REGULATIONBANKING SECTORBANKSBARRIERBARRIERS TO ENTRYBASE YEARBIDDINGBUSINESS PRACTICESBUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCINGBUSINESS PROCESSESBUSINESS SERVICESCAPITAL ACCOUNTCAPITAL ACCUMULATIONCARRIERSCARTELCOLONIALISMCOMMODITYCOMMUNICATION COSTSCOMMUNICATION SERVICESCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIESCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPETITION LAWCOMPETITIVENESSCONFIDENTIALITYCONSUMERSCONTRACT ENFORCEMENTCORE BUSINESSCORE BUSINESSESCOST STRUCTURECROP INSURANCEDATA ENTRYDEPOSITDEPOSITSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCEDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDOMESTIC MARKETDOMESTIC TRAFFICECONOMETRICSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC IMPLICATIONSECONOMIC INTEGRATIONECONOMIC PERFORMANCEECONOMIC THEORYELASTICITIESELASTICITIES OF DEMANDEMPLOYMENTENFORCEMENT OF CONTRACTSEXCHANGE RATEEXPORT GROWTHEXPORT MARKETEXPORTSFACTORS OF PRODUCTIONFINANCIAL DEVELOPMENTFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL INSTRUMENTSFINANCIAL INTEGRATIONFINANCIAL INTERMEDIARYFINANCIAL MARKETSFINANCIAL PERFORMANCEFINANCIAL PRODUCTFINANCIAL SECTORFINANCIAL SECTORSFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCIAL SYSTEMFINANCIAL SYSTEMSFIRM PERFORMANCEFIXED COSTSFOREIGN BANKSFOREIGN CAPITALFOREIGN COMPETITIONFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN ENTRYFOREIGN FIRMSFOREIGN OWNERSHIPFREE TRADEFREIGHTFREIGHT TRANSPORTGDPGDP PER CAPITAGINI COEFFICIENTGLOBAL MARKETGNPGROWTH MODELSGROWTH POTENTIALGROWTH RATEGROWTH RATESGROWTH THEORYHEALTH SERVICESHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENTINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME GROUPINCOME GROUPSINCOME LEVELSINEFFICIENCYINFORMATION SERVICESINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINNOVATIONSINSIDER LENDINGINSURANCEINTANGIBLESINTEREST RATEINTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORTINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONINTERNATIONAL MARKETSINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVESTMENT BARRIERSINVESTMENT DECISIONSJURISDICTIONSKNOWLEDGE GENERATIONLAND TRANSPORTLEARNINGMACROECONOMICSMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIESMANUFACTURING INDUSTRYMARGINAL COSTMARGINAL COSTSMARITIME TRANSPORTMARKET ACCESSMARKET FAILUREMARKET SHAREMARKET STRUCTUREMONOPOLIESMONOPOLISTIC COMPETITIONMONOPOLYMONOPOLY RENTSNATIONAL INCOMENATURAL MONOPOLYOLIGOPOLYOPEN ECONOMIESOUTPUTOUTPUT PER CAPITAOUTSOURCINGPER CAPITA INCOMEPER CAPITA INCOMESPOLICEPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOSITIVE EFFECTSPOSITIVE EXTERNALITIESPRICE STABILITYPRIVATIZATIONPRODUCTION FUNCTIONPRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPROGRAMSRAILRAIL TRANSPORTRAPID GROWTHRATE OF GROWTHRATES FOR INTERCONNECTIONREAL INCOMEREFORM PROGRAMREFORM PROGRAMSREGRESSION ANALYSISREGULATORREGULATORSREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTREGULATORY REFORMREGULATORY REGIMESRESOURCE ALLOCATIONREVERSE AUCTIONROADSROUTEROUTESSAFETYSAFETY OF TRANSPORTSATELLITESSAVINGSSCALE EFFECTSCALE EFFECTSSEWAGESMALL COUNTRIESSMALL ENTERPRISESSTRUCTURAL CHANGESUNK COSTSTAXTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGESTECHNOLOGY TRANSFERTELECOMMUNICATIONSTELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICYTELECOMMUNICATIONS REFORMTELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICESTELECOMSTELEPHONE ACCESSTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITYTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTHTRADE BARRIERSTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE POLICIESTRADE POLICYTRADE REFORMSTRADESTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSACTIONS COSTSTRANSITION ECONOMIESTRANSPORTTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORTATIONTRAVEL INSURANCETRUETURNOVERUNIVERSAL ACCESSUNIVERSAL ACCESS FUNDSURBANIZATIONVALUE ADDEDWEALTHWORLD INVESTMENT REPORTWORLD TRADEWTOWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4461