World Bank2013-08-292013-08-292001-03-31https://hdl.handle.net/10986/15501The first central message of this report is that Brazil has over the last years achieved great progress in its social policies and indicators. The second central message is that poverty remains unacceptably high for a country with Brazil's average income levels. The worst remaining income poverty is mostly concentrated in the Northeast region, and in the smaller urban and rural areas. The third central message is that, with decisive action, Brazil can achieve ambitious targets for further improvements in social indicators, including the objective of reducing the rate of extreme income poverty by 50 percent by the year 2015. Poverty is a complex and multi-dimensional phenomenon. Recognizing the rich literature on poverty in Brazil, this report attempts a few specific contributions. First, it presents a new 1996 poverty profile with a breakdown by city size, incorporation of the imputed value of owned housing, and regional price deflators. Second, it provides analysis of the incidence of selected public social spending based on the 1996/7 "Pesquisa sobre Padroes da Vida (PPV)." Third, it selectively synthesizes other work on poverty in Brazil in order to present an overview of cross-sectoral comparisons of the effectiveness of policy interventions. Fourth, it provides suggestions and selective inputs for devloping a national poverty reduction strategy. The report updates a previous World Bank assessment (report no. 14323) and builds on earlier work on urban poverty strategy.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIESSOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMSCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONSOCIAL POLICYPOLICY REFORMINFANT MORTALITYSCHOOL ENROLLMENTEDUCATIONAL LEVELDEPENDENCY RATIOSPUBLIC EXPENDITURESGOVERNMENT SPENDING POLICYSOCIAL INVESTMENT PROGRAMSMICROCREDITSHEALTH PROGRAMSPUBLIC HEALTH CAREURBAN SERVICESSOCIAL SAFETY NETSLAND OWNERSHIPLABOR CONTRACTSLIVING CONDITIONSNONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONSDECISION MAKINGTARGETED ASSISTANCECONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEESENTITLEMENTEARMARKED TAXESQUALITY OF EDUCATIONINCOME TRANSFERSMEANS-TESTINGDEMAND ORIENTATIONALLOCATIONEFFICIENCY AGGREGATE INCOMEANNUAL GROWTHANNUAL GROWTH RATEAVERAGE INCOMEAVERAGE INCOME LEVELBASIC EDUCATIONBENEFIT INCIDENCECASH TRANSFERSCOMMUNITY HEALTHCOMPARATIVE ANALYSISCONSUMPTION DATACOST EFFECTIVENESSCURRENCY UNITDECISION MAKINGDEVELOPMENT GOALSECONOMIC COOPERATIONECONOMIC MANAGEMENTECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESEDUCATION LEVELELASTICITIESEMPLOYMENT PROMOTIONEMPLOYMENT STATUSEXPENDITURE SURVEYEXPENDITURESEXTERNALITIESEXTREME POVERTYFEEDING PROGRAMSFOOD BASKETFOOD STAMPSFORMAL ECONOMYGROWTH POLICIESGROWTH RATEGROWTH RATESHEADCOUNT POVERTYHEALTH CAREHEALTH SERVICESHOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSHOUSEHOLD HEADHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHUMAN WELL-BEINGINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME LEVELINCOME LEVELSINCOME POPULATIONSINCOME POVERTYINEQUALITYINFLATIONINSURANCEJOB LOSSLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKETSLAND REFORMLAND USELIVING STANDARDLOCAL LEVELMACROECONOMIC FRAMEWORKMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMEAN INCOMEMINIMUM WAGEMINIMUM WAGESMONETARY POLICIESNATIONAL AVERAGENATIONAL INCOMENATIONAL POVERTYNATIONAL SYSTEMNEGATIVE IMPACTNON-FARM EMPLOYMENTNON-INCOME DIMENSIONSNUTRITIONOLD AGEPER CAPITA INCOMEPOLICY AREASPOLICY DEBATEPOLICY INTERVENTIONSPOLICY ISSUESPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY OBJECTIVEPOLICY OPTIONSPOLICY REFORMSPOOR PERSONPOPULATION GROWTHPOVERTY ANALYSISPOVERTY ASSESSMENTPOVERTY CHANGESPOVERTY IMPACTPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY LINESPOVERTY MEASUREMENTPOVERTY POLICIESPOVERTY PROFILEPOVERTY PROFILESPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY RATESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION GOALSPOVERTY REDUCTION POLICIESPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIESPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGYPOVERTY STRATEGYPOVERTY TRENDSPRICE DIFFERENCESPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLPROMOTING GROWTHPUBLIC GOODSPUBLIC POLICIESPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SERVICESQUALITY CONTROLQUANTITATIVE ANALYSISREAL WAGESREDUCED POVERTYREGIONAL DISTRIBUTIONRURAL AREASRURAL POVERTYSAFETY NETSAVINGSSERVICE PROVISIONSHORT TERMSIGNIFICANT EFFECTSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL EXCLUSIONSOCIAL INDICATORSSOCIAL POLICIESSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL PROGRAMSSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMSSOCIAL SPENDINGTARGETINGTRANSFER PROGRAMSUNEMPLOYMENTURBAN AREASURBAN POORURBAN POPULATIONURBAN POVERTYWorld Bank10.1596/15501