Estache, AntonioFay, Marianne2012-06-112012-06-112007-11https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7651This paper provides an overview of the major current debates on infrastructure policy. It reviews the evidence on the macroeconomic significance of the sector in terms of growth and poverty alleviation. It also discusses the major institutional debates, including the relative comparative advantage of the public and the private sector in the various stages of infrastructure service delivery as well as the main options for changes in the role of government (i.e. regulation and decentralization).CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESSIBILITYACCOUNTINGAGGLOMERATIONAGGLOMERATION BENEFITSAMORTIZATIONARBITRAGEASSURANCEAVERAGE TARIFFBALANCE SHEETBENEFICIARIESBOTTLENECKSBRIDGEBUDGET CONSTRAINTSBUSESCAPACITY CONSTRAINTCAPITAL STOCKCAPITAL STOCKSCARSCASH FLOWSCLIMATE CHANGECONCESSIONCONCESSION CONTRACTSCONCESSIONSCONFLICT OF INTERESTCONGESTIONCONGESTION COSTSCONNECTION COSTSCONSUMER DEMANDCONTRACT AWARDCOST OF CAPITALCOST RECOVERYCOSTS OF TRANSPORTCREDIT CONSTRAINTSCREDIT MARKETSCROSS SUBSIDIESDEBTDELIVERY OF INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICESDEREGULATIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDISBURSEMENTSDISPOSABLE INCOMEDIVESTITUREDRIVERSDRIVINGECONOMETRIC APPROACHESECONOMETRIC EVIDENCEECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC MODELSECONOMIC REGULATIONELASTICITIESELASTICITYELECTRIC POWERELECTRICITYELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTIONELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY SERVICESEXPENDITURESEXTERNALITIESFINANCE INFRASTRUCTUREFINANCIAL BURDENFINANCIAL CLOSUREFINANCIAL TRANSACTIONSFINANCING OF INFRASTRUCTUREFISCAL CONSTRAINTSFISCAL DECENTRALIZATIONFISCAL DEFICITSFOREIGN EXCHANGEFOREIGN EXCHANGE RISKFOREIGN EXCHANGE RISKSFOREIGN FINANCINGGENERATIONGENERATION CAPACITYGROWTH RATESHIGH SPEED TRAINHIGHWAYHIGHWAY NETWORKHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHUMAN CAPITALINCOME GROWTHINCOME LEVELINCOME LEVELSINDEPENDENT REGULATIONINFRASTRUCTURE ASSETSINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCINGINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTSINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTORSINFRASTRUCTURE POLICYINFRASTRUCTURE PRIVATIZATIONINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTSINFRASTRUCTURE PROVISIONINFRASTRUCTURE REFORMINFRASTRUCTURE SECTORINFRASTRUCTURE SPENDINGINFRASTRUCTURE SUPPLYINFRASTRUCTURESINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINSTRUMENTINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINTERNATIONAL ECONOMYINTERNATIONAL ENERGYINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL COMMUNITYINVENTORYINVESTINGINVESTMENT CLIMATEINVESTMENT COSTSINVESTMENT DECISIONSINVESTMENT FINANCELABOR MARKETSLANESLEASE CONTRACTSLEGAL TRADITIONLENDERSLICENSESLIVING STANDARDLOCAL ECONOMYLOCAL MARKETLOCAL TAXESMACROECONOMIC VARIABLESMAINTENANCE EXPENDITURESMANAGEMENT CONTRACTSMARKET FAILURESMINIMUM RATE OF RETURNMISSING MARKETSMOBILITYMORAL HAZARDNETWORK EXTERNALITIESOPPORTUNITY COSTSPASSENGER TRANSPORTPOLITICAL DECENTRALIZATIONPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOLITICAL RISKSPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPORTSPOWERPOWER PLANTSPOWER SECTORPRIVATE CAPITALPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE INVESTORSPRIVATE OPERATORSPRIVATE PROVIDERSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATIONPROVISIONSPUBLICPUBLIC ENTERPRISESPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEWPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC MONOPOLIESPUBLIC PARTNERSHIPPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC SPENDINGRAILRAILWAYRAILWAYSRATE OF RETURNRATES OF RETURNREAL EXCHANGE RATEREGIONAL TRANSPORTREGIONAL ­ INFRASTRUCTURERENEGOTIATIONRENEGOTIATIONSRENTSRESERVESRESIDENTIAL USERSRETURNSRING ROADSRISK MITIGATIONROADROAD MAINTENANCEROAD NETWORKSROAD SECTORROADSSAFETYSANITATIONSANITATION SERVICESSAVINGSSELF REGULATIONSERVICE PROVIDERSSETTLEMENTSTOCK DATASTOCK MARKETSTOCKSSUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTSTAXTAX REVENUETAXATIONTELECOMMUNICATIONSTOLLTRAFFICTRAFFIC MANAGEMENTTRANSACTIONTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORTTRANSPORT CORRIDORSTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT IMPROVEMENTSTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT NETWORKTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION EQUITYTRANSPORTATION EQUITY ACTURBAN BUSESURBAN POVERTYURBAN ROADSURBAN SERVICESURBANIZATIONUSER CHARGESUTILITIESWATER DISTRIBUTIONWATER SERVICESWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4410