World Bank2014-05-122014-05-122014-03-30https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18251This assessment provides a broad picture of gender disparities in Moldova in agency, education, health, and access to economic opportunities. The gender gap in education is small, yet it is greatest at higher levels of education. Moldova's health indicators are significantly underperforming compared to other Europe and Central Asia (ECA) countries, and male mortality is of greatest concern. Violence against women is one of the most frequent forms of human rights violations and is widely accepted by both women and men. Male and female labor force participation rates are low, and the gender gap is small. Moldova has one of the highest rates of human trafficking among neighboring countries and is primarily a source country. This paper is structured as follows: chapter one discusses factors which may shape the process of how men and women use their endowments and utilize economic opportunities. Chapter two covers human development disaggregated by gender, focusing on education and health. Chapter three examines the gender gap in employment and opportunities, and its implications for the labor market, particularly, entrepreneurship, and career advancement for women. Chapter four makes selected policy recommendations.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABORTIONABUSEACCESS TO EDUCATIONACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMEADEQUATE EDUCATIONADOLESCENT FERTILITYADULT LITERACYALCOHOL ABUSEALCOHOL CONSUMPTIONALCOHOLISMARMED CONFLICTSBEATINGBIRTH CONTROLCANCERCAUSES OF DEATHCOMPLICATIONSCONTRACEPTIONCONTRACEPTIVE USECONTROL OVER RESOURCESCOUNTRY OF ORIGINDEATH RATESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMENDISCRIMINATORY PRACTICESDISEASESDOMESTIC VIOLENCEDRUG ABUSEDRUGSECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESECONOMIC OPPORTUNITYECONOMIC SITUATIONECONOMIC STATUSEDUCATED MENEDUCATION SYSTEMSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTELDERLYELIMINATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMENEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESENTREPRENEURIAL INITIATIVESEPIDEMICEQUAL ACCESSEQUAL OPPORTUNITIESEQUAL RIGHTSEXCESSIVE CONSUMPTIONEXPERIENCED VIOLENCEFAMILY FORMATIONFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMSFAMILY RESPONSIBILITIESFEMALE EMPLOYMENTFEMALE ENTREPRENEURSFEMALE LABORFEMALE LABOR FORCEFEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONFEMALE MIGRANTSFEMALE MORTALITYFERTILITYFERTILITY RATEFERTILITY RATESFEWER WOMENFORCED MARRIAGEFORMS OF DISCRIMINATIONGAP BETWEEN GIRLSGENDERGENDER BIASGENDER DIFFERENCESGENDER DISCRIMINATIONGENDER DISPARITIESGENDER EQUALITYGENDER GAPGENDER GAP IN EDUCATIONGENDER GAPSGENDER INEQUALITYGENDER ISSUESGENDER ROLESGENDER SEGREGATIONGENDER STEREOTYPESGOVERNMENT POLICIESGROSS NATIONAL INCOMEHEALTH CAREHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH PROBLEMSHEALTH RISKSHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SYSTEMSHIGH BLOOD PRESSUREHIGHLY EDUCATED WOMENHIVHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHUMAN BEINGSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RIGHTSHUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONSHUMAN TRAFFICKINGHUSBANDSINFANTINFANT HEALTHINFANT MORTALITYINTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONJOB OPPORTUNITIESJOURNALISTSLABOR CODELABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLARGE FAMILIESLEGAL STATUSLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLEVEL OF POVERTYLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLEVELS OF FERTILITYLIFE EXPECTANCYLIFETIME RISKLIMITED RESOURCESLITERACY RATESMARITAL STATUSMARRIED WOMENMASCULINITYMATERNAL DEATHMATERNAL HEALTHMATERNAL MORTALITYMATERNAL MORTALITY RATESMATERNITY LEAVEMIGRANTMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSMINISTRY OF HEALTHMORTALITY RATEMOTHERMULTIPLE PARTNERSNATIONAL ACTIONNATIONAL ACTION PLANNATIONAL COMMITTEENATIONAL PLANNEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGNUMBER OF BIRTHSNUMBER OF DEATHSNUMBER OF WOMENOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMENPARENTAL LEAVEPARTICIPATION OF WOMENPOLITICAL INSTABILITYPOLITICAL PARTIESPOPULATION DIVISIONPREGNANCIESPREGNANCYPREGNANT WOMANPREGNANT WOMENPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY HEALTH CAREPRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEMPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOLINGPROGRESSPROTECTION MECHANISMSPUBLIC AWARENESSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH CONCERNPUBLIC LIFEREMITTANCESREPRESENTATION OF WOMENREPRODUCTIVE HEALTHRISKY BEHAVIORRISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIORROLE MODELSRURAL AREASRURAL POPULATIONRURAL WOMENSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSEXSEXUAL BEHAVIORSEXUAL EXPLOITATIONSEXUAL HARASSMENTSEXUAL HEALTHSKILL LEVELSOCIAL AFFAIRSSOCIAL FACTORSSOCIAL NORMSSPOUSESPOUSESSUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTHTEENAGERSTERTIARY EDUCATIONTERTIARY LEVELSTOLERANCETRADITIONAL SOCIETIESTUBERCULOSISUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTUNIVERSITY EDUCATIONUNPLANNED PREGNANCIESUNPROTECTED SEXURBAN AREASUSE OF CONDOMSVICTIMSVIOLENCE AGAINST WOMENVOCATIONAL TRAININGVULNERABILITYWOMANWOMEN IN POLITICSWOMEN WITH CHILDRENWORKFORCEWORKING POPULATIONWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONWORLD POPULATIONYOUNG MENYOUNG PEOPLEYOUNG WOMEN10.1596/18251