Lindelöw, Magnus2013-06-202013-06-202004-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14065A large body of empirical work in recent years has focused on measuring and explaining socioeconomic inequalities in health outcomes and health service use. In any effort to address these questions, analysts must confront the issue of how to measure socioeconomic status. In developing countries, socioeconomic status has typically been measured by per capita consumption or an asset index. Currently, there is only limited information on how the choice of welfare indicators affects the analysis of health inequalities and the incidence of public spending. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the potential sensitivity of the analysis of health-related inequalities to how socioeconomic status is measured. Using data from Mozambique, the paper focuses on five key health service indicators and tests whether measured inequality (concentration index) in the five health service variables is different depending on the choice of welfare indicator. The paper shows that, at least in some contexts, the choice of welfare indicator can have a large and significant impact on measured inequality in utilization of health service and on the perceived incidence of public spending. Consequently, we can reach very different conclusions about the "same" issue depending on how we define socioeconomic status. The results call for more clarity and care in the analysis of health-related inequalities and for explicit recognition of the potential sensitivity of findings to the choice of welfare measure. The results also point to the need for more careful research on how different dimensions of socioeconomic status are related, and on the pathways by which these dimensions affect health-related variables.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOHEALTH INEQUALITIESWELFARE INDICATORSSOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORSINCOMEHOUSEHOLDSWELFARECONSUMPTIONLIVING STANDARDSHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH INEQUALITIESHEALTH INEQUITIESHEALTH CARE SERVICES ASSET INDEXASSET INDICESASSETSCOMMUNITIESCONSUMPTION DATACONSUMPTION PATTERNSDATA ANALYSISDATA REQUIREMENTSDATA SOURCESDEFLATIONDESCRIPTIVE STATISTICSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDURABLE GOODSECONOMIES OF SCALEECONOMISTSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEMPIRICAL LEVELEMPIRICAL WORKEXPENDITURE DATAFOOD CONSUMPTIONGENDERGINI COEFFICIENTHEALTH CAREHEALTH CENTERHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH SERVICEHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH STATUSHEALTH SURVEYHEALTH SURVEYSHOME-PRODUCED FOODHORIZONTAL EQUITYHOUSEHOLD ASSETSHOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD DURABLESHOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURESHOUSEHOLD MEMBERSHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSEHOLD WELFAREHOUSINGINCOMEINCOME QUINTILESINDIVIDUAL LEVELINEQUALITY MEASURESLEISURELIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDLIVING STANDARDSLORENZ CURVEMEASURED INEQUALITYMEASURING INEQUALITYMONETARY TERMSMULTIVARIATE ANALYSISNET WORTHOPPORTUNITY COSTPER CAPITA CONSUMPTIONPOLICY RESEARCHPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR INDIVIDUALSPOPULATION SHAREPOVERTY MONITORINGPRICE DIFFERENCESPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC GOODPUBLIC SPENDINGPURCHASE PRICEREGIONAL DIFFERENCESRELATIVE POSITIONRURAL AREASSAMPLE SIZESSHADOW PRICESSIGNIFICANT IMPACTSOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITYURBAN AREASUSE VALUEWEALTHWELFARE MEASUREWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-3329