Chen, ShaohuaRavallion, Martin2014-02-252014-02-252004-01World Bank Economic Reviewhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/17153Data from China's national rural and urban household surveys are used to measure and explain the welfare impacts of changes in goods and factor prices attributable to accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). The price changes are estimated separately using a general equilibrium model to capture both direct and indirect effects of the initial tariff changes. The welfare impacts are first-order approximations based on a household model incorporating own-production activities calibrated to household-level data and imposing minimum aggregation. The results show negligible impacts on inequality and poverty in the aggregate. However, diverse impacts emerge across household types and regions, associated with heterogeneity in consumption behavior and income sources, with possible implications for compensatory policy responses.en-USCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGOADVERSE IMPACTSAGGREGATE INEQUALITYAGRICULTURECLERKSCOMPARATIVE ECONOMICSCOMPETITIVE MARKETCONSUMER PRICE INDEXESCONSUMPTION BEHAVIORCONSUMPTION GROWTHCOUNTRY PERFORMANCECOUNTRY REGRESSIONSCROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONSCROSS-COUNTRY DATACROSS-COUNTRY STUDIESDATA SETDATA SETSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT RESEARCHDISPOSABLE INCOMEDISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTSDISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACTDRIVERSECONOMETRICSECONOMIC GEOGRAPHYECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC REFORMSECONOMIC REVIEWENVELOPE PROPERTYEQUILIBRIUMEXPLANATORY VARIABLESFACTOR MARKETSFARM INCOMEFARM PRODUCTSFARM WORKERSFARMERSFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL SECTORFOOD ITEMSFOOD PRICEFOOD STAPLESFOREIGN TRADEFUTURE RESEARCHGENERAL EQUILIBRIUMGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSESGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSISGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELGEOGRAPHIC AREAHEADCOUNT INDEXHOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSHOUSEHOLD DATAHOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHICSHOUSEHOLD HEADHOUSEHOLD HEAD AGEHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD LEVEL DATAHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSEHOLD WELFAREINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME DISTRIBUTIONSINCOME RISESINCOME SHARESINCOME SOURCEINCOME SOURCESINCOMESINEQUALITYINNOVATIONINVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENTLABOR MOBILITYLABOR SUPPLYLABORERSLABOURLAND PRICESLIVING INDEXLIVING STANDARDS SURVEYMARGINAL UTILITYMEAN INCOMEMEASURING WELFAREMEDIAN INCOMENEGATIVE SIGNOFFICIAL POVERTYOFFICIAL POVERTY LINEOUTPUTSPARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSESPARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSISPER CAPITA INCOMEPOLICY ANALYSISPOLICY CHANGEPOLICY CHANGESPOLICY REFORMPOLICY REFORMSPOLICY RESEARCHPOORPOOR AREASPOPULATION SHAREPOST-REFORMPOVERTY DYNAMICSPOVERTY INCIDENCEPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY LINESPOVERTY RATEPOWER PARITYPRICE CHANGESPRICE LEVELSPRICE VECTORPRODUCTION FUNCTIONPRODUCTION INPUTSPRODUCTIVITYPROFIT FUNCTIONSPROPORTIONATE CHANGESPUBLIC ECONOMICSPURCHASING POWERRAPID RESPONSEREAL INCOMEREGRESSION RESULTSRELATIVE PRICERELATIVE PRICESRELATIVE WAGESRURALRURAL AREASRURAL CONSUMERRURAL FAMILIESRURAL HOUSEHOLDRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL LIVING STANDARDSRURAL MIGRANTSRURAL PRICESRURAL WELFARESAVINGSSECTOR EMPLOYMENTTAXATIONTELECOMMUNICATIONSTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE POLICYTRADE REFORMSUNEMPLOYMENTUNSKILLED LABORURBAN AREASURBAN HOUSEHOLDSURBAN PRICESUTILITY FUNCTIONUTILITY FUNCTIONSWAGE RATESWAGESWEALTHWELFARE INDICATORWHOLESALE PRICESWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONWTOJournal ArticleWorld Bank10.1596/17153