Sutton, William R.Srivastava, Jitendra P.Neumann, James E.Strzępek, Kenneth M.Droogers, Peter2013-10-252013-10-252013-10-03978-1-4648-0047-410.1596/978-1-4648-0047-4https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16198Changes in climate and their impact on agricultural systems and rural economies are already evident throughout Europe and Central Asia (ECA). Adaptation measures now in use in Albania, largely piecemeal efforts, will be insufficient to prevent impacts on agricultural production over the coming decades. There is growing interest at the country and development partner levels to have a better understanding of the exposure, sensitivities, and impacts of climate change at farm level, and to develop and prioritize adaptation measures to mitigate the adverse consequences. Specifically, this report provides a menu of climate change adaptation options for the agriculture and water resources sectors, along with specific adaptation actions, that are tailored to four distinct agro-ecological zones (AEZs) within Albania. This menu reflects the results of three inter-related activities, conducted jointly by the team and local partners: (1) quantitative economic modeling of baseline conditions and the effects of climate change and an array of adaptation options; (2) qualitative analysis conducted by the team of agronomists, crop modelers, and water resources experts; and (3) input from a series of participatory workshops for national decision makers and farmers in each of the AEZs. This report provides a summary of the methods, data, results, and adaptation options for each of these activities.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAgribusinessagricultural cropagricultural economyagricultural expertsagricultural extensionagricultural extension serviceAgricultural Informationagricultural landAgricultural marketsagricultural policiesAgricultural PolicyAgricultural Productionagricultural productivityAgricultural Productsagricultural researchagricultural research institutesAgricultural SystemsAgricultureAgriculture Organizationagronomic practicesagronomistsannual precipitationassessment of climate risksAverage yieldbeefbeef cattlebiodiversityCapacity Buildingcarboncarbon dioxidecarbon dioxide concentrationscerealsClimateclimate adaptationClimate Changeclimate change adaptationClimate Change AnalysisClimate Change IMPACTClimate Change IMPACT ASSESSMENTClimate Change Impactsclimate change scenariosclimate changesclimate conditionsclimate dataclimate forecastsclimate hazardClimate HazardsClimate ImpactClimate Impactsclimate modelClimate ModelingClimate ResilienceClimate Scenariosclimate scienceclimate stressesclimate variabilityclimate variablesClimatic changescoCO2colorsConvention on Climate ChangeCost AnalysisCost-BenefitCropcrop areascrop productioncrop varietiesCrop YieldCrop YieldscroppingCropsDairy cowsdeforestationdiseasesdrip irrigationdroughtEcological Zoneseconomics of adaptation to climate changeEffect of Climate Changeeffect of temperatureelectricityemission scenarioemissions scenarioEmissions Scenariosevaporationevapotranspirationextension agencyextension agentsextreme eventsextreme heatextreme heat eventsextreme precipitationextreme temperatureextreme weatherextreme weather eventsFAOFarmersfarmingfarmlandfarmsFertilizationfinancial constraintsfloodsfood securityforage cropsFord FoundationforestryForestsfresh fruitfruitsfuture climate changefuture climate changesfuture climate scenariosGCMgeneral circulation modelGHGGISGoatsgrainGreen RevolutionGreenhouseGreenhouse Gasgreenhouse gas emissiongreenhouse gas emission reductionsgreenhouse gas emissionsGreenhouse Gas Mitigationgreenhouse gasesHailheavy rainshigh yieldshigh-yield crop varietiesICARDAIFPRIIMPACT ASSESSMENTImpact of ClimateImpact of Climate ChangeImpacts of Climate Changeimplications of climate changeincrease in temperatureinfrastructure investmentsIntergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeInternational Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry AreasIPCCIrrigationirrigation systemsland useLivestocklivestock productsMaizemeteorological datameteorological informationmeteorologyMoisture Indexnatural resourcesovergrazingpestsplant breedingplant growthpoverty reductionpower supplyPrecipitationquantitative analysisrainfallrainfall eventsresilience to climate changeRisk managementrisks of climate changeRockefeller FoundationrootsRural Developmentrural economiesrural populationscientific researchScientistsea level riseseasonseed varietiesseedssheepsoil conservationsoil degradationsoil erosionsoil moisturesoil typesoilsstorm surgesummer temperatureSustainable DevelopmentTechnology TransferTemperaturetemperature changestemperature increasetemperature increasestemperature stresstemperaturestreesUNDPUnited NationsUnited Nations Development Programmevegetable cropvegetable productionvegetablesVulnerability to Climate Changewater qualitywater resourcesWater Use Efficiencywatershedwatershed managementWheatwheat yieldswinter temperatureswinter wheatworld food supplyyield lossesWorld Bank10.1596/978-1-4648-0047-4