Carletto, CalogeroKilic, Talip2012-03-192012-03-192009-04-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/4102The contribution of return migrants to economic development in source countries can be significant. Overseas savings of returnees may lead to improvements in household welfare and provide liquidity for investments in the face of credit market failures. Labor market experience and skills acquired abroad may also lead migrants to find occupations higher in the skill and remuneration spectrum upon return. This study uses the 2005 Albanian Living Standards Measurement Study Survey and estimates the impact of international migration experience on the occupational mobility of return migrants vis a vis working-age Albanian residents that never migrated. Controlling for the non-random nature of international migration and return, the results show that past migration experience increases the likelihood of upward occupational mobility. Exploring the heterogeneity of impact by host country indicates that the positive effect of past migration experience on upward occupational mobility is driven by past migration experience in Italy and countries further a field, while past migration experience in Greece does not exert any significant impact on mobility outcomes. The results, which are consistent across different sample specifications and outcome variables measuring occupational mobility, hint at the link between migration and human/financial capital formation among migrants and foster optimism concerning the positive effect of return migration on economic development. This insight is particularly important since remittances from permanent migrants, which have fueled the impressive growth performance of the country in the recent era, may taper off in the medium to long term with the decline in out-migration and growing global economic woes.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTINGAGE CATEGORYAGE GROUPASSET POSITIONASSET POSITIONSAVERAGE WAGEBANK POLICYBASIC NEEDSBLUE COLLAR OCCUPATIONSBRAIN DRAINBULLETINCAPITAL FORMATIONCAPITAL MARKETCAPITAL REQUIREMENTSCHECKSCHILD HEALTHCLERKSCOUNTRIES OF ORIGINCOUNTRY OF DESTINATIONCOUNTRY OF ORIGINCREDIT CONSTRAINTSCREDIT MARKETCROSS-SECTIONAL DATADEVELOPING COUNTRIESDIASPORADUMMY VARIABLEDUMMY VARIABLESEARNINGECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC STATUSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEMIGRATIONEMPLOYMENT HISTORIESEMPLOYMENT OUTCOMESEMPLOYMENT STATUSENABLING ENVIRONMENTEQUIPMENTEXPENDITURESFAMILY REUNIFICATIONFARMSFINANCIAL CAPITALFORMAL EDUCATIONGLOBALIZATIONHOME COUNTRIESHOST COUNTRIESHOST COUNTRYHOUSEHOLD ASSETSHOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISESHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN RESOURCESIMMIGRANTIMMIGRATIONIMMIGRATION POLICYIMPACT OF MIGRATIONINSTRUMENTINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEWINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL STANDARDINVESTINGJOB OPPORTUNITIESJOB TENUREJOB TRAININGJOBSLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET EXPERIENCELABOR MARKET OUTCOMESLABOR MOBILITYLABOR SUPPLYLAND OWNERSHIPLEGAL STATUSLEGISLATORSLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLIQUIDITYLIVING STANDARDSMARKET FAILURESMARKET RETURNSMICRO-ENTERPRISESMIGRANTMIGRANT POPULATIONSMIGRANT WORKERSMIGRANTSMIGRATION POLICYMIGRATION PROCESSMINORITYOCCUPATIONOCCUPATIONAL MOBILITYOCCUPATIONSON-THE-JOB TRAININGPERMANENT MIGRATIONPERSISTENT POVERTYPOLICY BRIEFPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOTENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRINCIPAL SOURCEPROBIT REGRESSIONPROBIT REGRESSIONSPRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTSPROGRESSREMIGRATIONREMITTANCESRESPECTRETURNRETURN MIGRATIONRETURNEESSHARE OF INVESTMENTSSOCIAL CAPITALSOCIAL GROUPSOCIAL STATUSSPILLOVERTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETEMPORARY MIGRATIONTOTAL EMPLOYMENTTRANSITION ECONOMIESTVUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYED INDIVIDUALSUNEMPLOYMENTURBAN AREASVOCATIONAL TRAININGWAGE EMPLOYMENTWAGE GAPWAGE PREMIUMWORK EXPERIENCEWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4908