Kaufmann, DanielKraay, AartMastruzzi, Massimo2012-03-192012-03-192010-09-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3913This paper summarizes the methodology of the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) project, and related analytical issues. The WGI cover over 200 countries and territories, measuring six dimensions of governance starting in 1996: Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law, and Control of Corruption. The aggregate indicators are based on several hundred individual underlying variables, taken from a wide variety of existing data sources. The data reflect the views on governance of survey respondents and public, private, and NGO sector experts worldwide. The WGI also explicitly report margins of error accompanying each country estimate. These reflect the inherent difficulties in measuring governance using any kind of data. Even after taking these margins of error into account, the WGI permit meaningful cross-country and over-time comparisons. The aggregate indicators, together with the disaggregated underlying source data, are available at www.govindicators.org.CC BY 3.0 IGOABUSEACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMSAGGREGATE GOVERNANCEAGGREGATE GOVERNANCE INDICATORSAGGREGATE INDICATORAGGREGATE INDICATORSAGGREGATING GOVERNANCE INDICATORSAGGREGATION METHODOLOGYAMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATIONAUTHORITYAVERAGE LEVELBANKSBIASESBRIBEBRIBESBROADER ASPECT OF GOVERNANCEBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTCHOICE OF UNITS FOR GOVERNANCECITIZENSCIVIL SERVICECOMMERCIAL RISK RATING AGENCIESCOMPARISONS OF GOVERNANCECOMPOSITE GOVERNANCE INDICATORSCOMPOSITE INDICATORCOMPOSITE INDICATORSCOMPOSITE MEASURESCONFIDENCE INTERVALSCONSENSUSCONTRACT ENFORCEMENTCONTROL OF CORRUPTIONCORRUPTCORRUPTIONCORRUPTION INDICATORCORRUPTION PERCEPTIONSCORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEXCOUNTRY COVERAGECOUNTRY ESTIMATECOUNTRY RANKINGSCOUNTRY RISK GUIDECRIMEDEFINITION OF GOVERNANCEDEMOCRACYDIMENSIONS OF GOVERNANCEDISCLOSUREDISTRIBUTION OF GOVERNANCEDISTURBANCE TERMDOMESTIC FIRMSECONOMIC PERFORMANCEEMPIRICAL METHODSEQUATIONSEXCHANGE OF IDEASFINANCIAL SUPPORTGOOD GOVERNANCEGOVERNANCE COMPONENTGOVERNANCE DATAGOVERNANCE DIMENSIONGOVERNANCE ESTIMATEGOVERNANCE ESTIMATESGOVERNANCE INDICATORGOVERNANCE ISSUESGOVERNANCE OUTCOMESGOVERNANCE PERCEPTIONSGOVERNANCE PERFORMANCEGOVERNANCE RATINGGOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESSHUMAN RIGHTSINCOMEINCOME LEVELSINDEPENDENT VARIABLESINSTITUTIONAL QUALITYINTEGRITYINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINVESTMENT CLIMATEJUSTICELAWSMATRICESMAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATIONMEASURE OF GOVERNANCEMEASUREMENT ERRORMEASURING GOVERNANCEMEDIAMINISTRY OF FINANCEMISSING OBSERVATIONSMULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONSNON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONSNONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONSNOTIONS OF GOVERNANCEOUTLIERSPERCEPTIONS INDEXPOLICEPOLICY ADVICEPOLICY IMPLEMENTATIONPOLICY RESEARCHPOLITICAL ECONOMIC RISKPOLITICAL RISKPOLITICAL STABILITYPRECISIONPRIVATE GAINPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENTPROBABILITYPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC OFFICIALPUBLIC OFFICIALSPUBLIC POWERPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SECTOR CORRUPTIONPUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENTPUBLIC SERVICESQUALITY OF PUBLICREGULATORY FRAMEWORKREGULATORY QUALITYRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRULE OF LAWSOCIAL INTERACTIONSSOURCES OF UNCERTAINTYSTANDARD DEVIATIONSTANDARD ERRORSSTATISTICAL CONFIDENCESTATISTICAL METHODOLOGYSUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTSSUBJECTIVE DATATERRORISMTIME SERIESTRANSITION ECONOMIESTRANSPARENCYUNOBSERVED COMPONENTS MODELUNOBSERVED GOVERNANCEVALIDITYVIOLENCEVOTINGWORLDWIDE GOVERNANCE INDICATORSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5430