Shilpi, Forhad2013-09-262013-09-262013-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/15877This paper utilizes the mixed effects model to measure and decompose spatial disparity in per capita expenditure in Bangladesh between 2000 and 2010. It finds a significant decline in spatial disparity in urban areas and the country as a whole but no substantial change in rural areas. The decomposition analysis indicates that average years of education, the percentage of households with electricity connections, and phone ownership account for most of the spatial variations in welfare. Spatial convergence in urban areas can be explained primarily by the expansion of electricity and phone networks for household use. Improved access to these services had little effect on spatial disparity in rural areas. This paper offers several explanations for the difference in convergence rates between urban and rural areas.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO DRINKING WATERACCESS TO ELECTRICITYACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTUREACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATERACCESS TO SANITATIONACCESS TO SERVICESAGRICULTURAL WORKERSBASIC INFRASTRUCTUREBULLETINCITIESCLEAN DRINKING WATERCOST OF LIVING INDICESCURRENT POPULATIONDECLINE IN POVERTYDEMOGRAPHIC FACTORSDEPENDENCY RATIODEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT POLICYDISTRICTSDRINKING WATERECOLOGICAL ZONESECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTENGINEERSEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITYEXTERNALITIESFARM EMPLOYMENTFEWER HOUSEHOLDSGENDERHOUSEHOLD HEADHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSEHOLD WELFAREHOUSEHOLDS WITH ELECTRICITYHOUSINGHUMAN CAPITALINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINCOME INEQUALITYINTERNAL MIGRATIONINVESTMENT IN EDUCATIONLABOR FORCELABOR MOBILITYLACK OF INFORMATIONLACK OF INFRASTRUCTURELAND QUALITYLARGE CITIESLIVING STANDARDSMIGRATIONMOBILITYNATURAL RESOURCESNEIGHBORHOODNUMBER OF CHILDRENNUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDSPER CAPITA CONSUMPTIONPOLICY DISCUSSIONSPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOORPOOR AREASPOOR COMMUNITIESPOOR PEOPLEPOORER REGIONSPOPULATION CENSUSPOPULATION DENSITYPOVERTY ASSESSMENTSPOVERTY HEADPOVERTY HEADCOUNT RATEPOVERTY INCIDENCEPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRODUCTION WORKERSPROGRESSQUALITY OF LIFEREGIONAL CONVERGENCEREGIONAL DISPARITYREGIONAL DIVERGENCEREGIONAL INEQUALITIESREGIONAL INEQUALITYREGIONAL SCIENCESRENTSROADROAD TRANSPORTRURALRURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL EMPLOYMENTRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL WORKERSSANITATIONSCHOOL ACCESSSERVICE PROVISIONSKILLED WORKERSSOCIAL TENSIONSSPATIAL DIFFERENCESSPATIAL DISPARITYSPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELSPATIAL INEQUALITYSPATIAL VARIATIONSTRANSPORT COSTSTRAVEL TIMETRAVEL TIMESTVURBAN AREASURBAN CENTERSWEALTHWORKFORCEmixed effects modelinfrastructureneighborhood correlationsortingWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6519