Wang, XiaodongBerrah, NoureddineMathur, SubodhVinuya, Ferdinand2012-03-192012-03-192010978-0-8213-8486-2https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2483This report demonstrates that a "climate-smart" energy strategy is possible for countries in the East Asia region, with support from the international community. In the past three decades, the East Asia region has experienced the fastest economic growth in the world, accompanied by rapid urbanization. As a consequence, energy consumption has more than tripled and is expected to further double over the next two decades. This remarkable growth and rapid urbanization have led to twin energy challenges in the region: improving environmental sustainability and enhancing energy security. The region has many of the world's most polluted cities, resulting from fossil fuel combustion. The region also contains some of the largest greenhouse gas emitters in the world, although their per capita and historical emissions are much below the levels of industrialized countries. Concerns with energy security have grown because of increased risks of price volatility and possible disruptions in supplies for oil and gas. To move the region to a sustainable energy path, the commitment of the respective governments and communities is essential. The governments will need energy-pricing reforms that no longer encourage the use of fossil fuels, and put in place regulations and incentives that improve energy efficiency and support low-carbon technologies. The governments also will need to ramp up research and development for new technologies to leapfrog to the clean energy revolution. The countries cannot move to a sustainable energy path alone. They will need the support of the international community. Substantial concessional financing is essential to motivate energy efficiency and low-carbon technology investments. Transfer of low-carbon technologies and institutional strengthening also will be needed.CC BY 3.0 IGOABATEMENT COSTABATEMENT COSTSACIDACID RAINAIRAIR CONDITIONERSAIR POLLUTANTSAIR POLLUTIONALTERNATIVE ENERGYALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAMAPPLIANCE EFFICIENCYAPPLIANCE EFFICIENCY STANDARDSAPPLIANCE STANDARDSAPPROACHATMOSPHEREAUTOMOBILE FUELBALANCEBIOMASSBOILERSCARBON CAPTURECARBON CREDITSCARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONSCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON FINANCINGCARBON FUELSCARBON MONOXIDECARBON PRICECARBON TAXCARBON TECHNOLOGIESCEMENTCHEMICAL INDUSTRIESCLEAN COALCLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIESCLEAN ENERGYCLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESCLEAN TECHNOLOGIESCLEAN TECHNOLOGYCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECOCO2COALCOAL COMBUSTIONCOAL PLANTCOAL PRICINGCOAL PRODUCERCOAL RESOURCESCOAL USECOGENERATIONCOLORSCOMBUSTIONCOMMERCIAL ENERGYCONDITIONERSCONVENTIONAL ENERGYDEMAND MANAGEMENTDIESELDIFFUSIONDISTRIBUTION LOSSESDISTRICT HEATINGDOMINANT FUELEDCEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTEFFICIENCY POTENTIALELECTRIC VEHICLESELECTRICITYELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONELECTRICITY DEMANDELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY TARIFFSEMISSIONEMISSION INCREASESEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSION TARGETSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS FROM LAND USEEMISSIONS FROM LAND-USE CHANGEENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSUMERSENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY DEMANDENERGY DEVELOPMENTENERGY EFFICIENCIESENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTSENERGY INTENSITYENERGY INTENSIVEENERGY MANAGEMENTENERGY MARKETSENERGY MIXENERGY NEEDSENERGY OUTLOOKENERGY POLICYENERGY PRICESENERGY PRICINGENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SCENARIOSENERGY SECURITYENERGY SOURCEENERGY STRATEGYENERGY USEENVIRONMENTAL COSTSENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGEENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYFLUORESCENT LAMPFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTIONFOSSIL FUELSFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEFUELFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL CONSUMPTION RELATIVEFUEL COSTFUEL COSTSFUEL PRICEFUEL PRICESFUEL SWITCHINGGASGAS CONSUMPTIONGAS FIELDSGAS IMPORTSGAS PRICEGAS PRICESGAS PRODUCTIONGAS RESERVESGAS RESOURCESGAS SUPPLYGASIFICATIONGASOLINEGASOLINE CONSUMPTIONGASOLINE PRICESGEOTHERMAL ENERGYGEOTHERMAL POWERGEOTHERMAL POWER CAPACITYGHGGLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITYGLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEATHEAT GENERATIONHEAVY RELIANCEHISTORICAL EMISSIONSHOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD ENERGYHYDROPOWERIMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCYINVESTMENT IN ENERGY EFFICIENCYINVESTMENTS IN ENERGYIPCCIRONKILOWATT HOURLIQUEFIED NATURAL GASLIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASLNGLOW-CARBONNATURAL GASNET OILNITROGENNITROGEN OXIDENOXNUCLEAR POWERNUCLEAR REACTOROILOIL COMPANYOIL EQUIVALENTOIL EQUIVALENTSOIL IMPORTSOIL PRICEOIL PRICESOIL RESERVEOIL RESOURCESORGANIC COMPOUNDOXIDESPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPARTICULATESPETROLEUMPETROLEUM GASPHOTOVOLTAIC R&DPIPELINEPLANT EFFICIENCYPM10POWERPOWER COMPANYPOWER DEMANDPOWER GENERATIONPOWER MIXPOWER PLANTSPOWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTSPOWER SECTORPOWER SUPPLYPOWER SYSTEMPRICE VOLATILITYPRIMARY ENERGYPRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTIONPRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLYRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY CAPACITYRENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTRENEWABLE ENERGY PORTFOLIO STANDARDSRENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTSRENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCESRENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESRENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDRENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDSRENEWABLE POWERRETROFITTINGSO2SOLAR ENERGYSULFURSULFUR DIOXIDESULPHURSULPHUR DIOXIDESUSTAINABLE ENERGYSUSTAINABLE ENERGY FUTURETAX CREDITSTAX POLICIESTHERMAL PLANTSTHERMAL POWER PLANTSTRANSPORT SECTORUTILITIESVEHICLESVOCWINDWINDSWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-8486-2