Independent Evaluation Group2012-03-192012-03-192010978-0-8213-8653-8https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2548The first volume of Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) series (IEG 2009) examined World Bank experience with the promotion of the most important win-win (no regrets) energy policies, policies that combine domestic gains with global greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions. These included energy pricing reform and policies to promote energy efficiency. This second phase covers the entire World Bank Group (WBG), including the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA). It assesses of interventions, from technical assistance to financing to regulatory reform. This project-eye view of activities pertains to all the action areas of the Strategic Framework on Development and Climate Change (SFDCC). The third phase will look at the challenge of adaptation to climate change. The WBG's resources, human and financial, are small compared to the task at hand. The International Energy Agency estimates that developing and transition countries need $16 trillion of energy sector investments over 2008-30 under 'business as usual' operations, plus an additional $5 trillion to shift to an ambitiously low-carbon path. Much more is needed for sustainable land and forest management and for urban transport. So a prime focus of this evaluation is how the WBG can get the most leverage, the widest positive impact on both development and climate change mitigation, from its limited resources.CC BY 3.0 IGOABATEMENTABATEMENT POTENTIALACCESS TO ENERGYAGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATIONAIRAIR POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION REDUCTIONALLOWANCESALTERNATIVE ENERGYALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAMAPPLIANCE STANDARDSAPPROACHATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERIC CARBONATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDEATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GASBALANCEBARRIERS TO ENERGY EFFICIENCYBIOMASSBIOMASS ENERGYBOILERBOILERSCAPACITY FACTORSCAPACITY UTILIZATIONCAPITAL COSTSCARBON CAPTURECARBON CREDITSCARBON DIOXIDECARBON EMISSIONSCARBON ENERGYCARBON FINANCECARBON FINANCINGCARBON FLOWSCARBON MARKETCARBON MARKETSCARBON OFFSETCARBON OFFSETSCARBON PRICESCERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLEAN ENERGYCLEAN TECHNOLOGIESCLEAN TECHNOLOGYCLEANER TECHNOLOGIESCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCLIMATE DAMAGESCLIMATE RESILIENCECOCO2COALCOAL PLANTCOAL PLANTSCOLORSCOMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPSCOST BENEFIT ANALYSISCOST-BENEFITCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSISDAMAGESDEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENTDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDIFFUSIONDISTRIBUTION LOSSESDISTRICT HEATINGDIVERGENCEECONOMIC BENEFITSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMICSECOSYSTEMEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSEFFICIENT LIGHTINGELECTRICITYELECTRICITY SYSTEMEMISSIONEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSIONSEMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATIONEMISSIONS REDUCTIONSENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY COSTSENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTSENERGY MANAGEMENTENERGY PRICEENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SECURITYENERGY SERVICEENERGY SOURCESENERGY STRATEGYENERGY SUBSIDIESENERGY SYSTEMSENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSEXPLOITATIONEXTERNALITIESFEASIBILITYFINANCIAL FLOWSFINANCIAL INSTRUMENTSFINANCIAL OPTIONSFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIAL SUPPORTFORESTFOREST AREASFOREST CARBONFOREST CARBON STOCKSFOREST CONSERVATIONFOREST COVERFOREST DEGRADATIONFOREST FIREFOREST FIRESFOREST FRONTIERFOREST INVESTMENTFOREST LOSSFOREST PROJECTSFOREST PROTECTIONFOREST USEFORESTRYFORESTRY PROJECTSFORESTRY SECTORFORESTSFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUEL USEFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEGAS PROJECTSGENERATING CAPACITYGENERATIONGENERATION CAPACITYGHGGHGSGLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITYGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACILITYGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GAS LEVELSGREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATIONGREENHOUSE GASESGRID RENEWABLE ENERGYHEATHYDROPOWERINCENTIVE SYSTEMSINCOMEINCOME CLASSINDIGENOUS FORESTINNOVATIVE FINANCINGINSURANCEINTERGENERATIONAL EQUITYINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYINVESTMENT DECISIONSINVESTMENT IN ENERGY EFFICIENCYINVESTMENTS IN ENERGYINVESTMENTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCYLAND USELANDFILLLANDFILL GASLONG-TERM FINANCINGLOW-CARBONMARGINAL COSTSMARKET FAILURESPHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMSPHOTOVOLTAICSPILOT PROJECTSPOLICY DECISIONSPORTFOLIOPOWER AVAILABILITYPOWER GRIDPOWER PLANTSPOWER PRODUCERPOWER PRODUCTIONPOWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTSPOWER SECTORPOWER SUPPLYPOWER SYSTEMPRODUCTIVE RESOURCESPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC GOODREDUCING EMISSIONSREGULATORY POLICIESRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTRENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTSRENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESRESOURCE USESOLAR HOME SYSTEMSOLAR HOME SYSTEMSSOLAR POWERSTREAMSSUBSTITUTIONSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE ENERGYSUSTAINABLE FORESTSUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENTSUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENTSUSTAINABLE USETEMPERATURETRANSACTION COSTSTRANSPORT SECTORTROPICAL DEFORESTATIONTROPICAL FORESTTROPICAL FORESTSTROPICSUNCERTAINTIESUTILITIESWILLINGNESS TO PAYWINDWIND CAPACITYWIND POWERWIND PROJECTSWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-8653-8