World Bank2014-03-312014-03-312010-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17526Brazil low carbon country case study was two years in the making based on a study by the World Bank assisted by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). It supports Brazil's integrated effort towards reducing national and global-emissions GHG while promoting long-term development. It builds on the best available knowledge and is underpinned by a broad consultative process and survey of available literature. The study was coordinated by Christophe de Gouvello, a Senior Energy Specialist in the Sustainable Development Department of the Latin American and the Caribbean Region. The study's scope was discussed with the Ministries of Foreign Affairs, Environment and Science and Technology, as well as representatives of the Ministries of Finance, Planning Agriculture, Transport, Mines and Energy, Development, Industry and trade. More than 15 technical reports and 4 synthesis reports have been commissioned in the course of this work. For a quick overview of priority issues, analysis is presented using reader-friendly charts, graphs, and annotations organized in chapters according to the four key emission sectors, land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF), including deforestation; energy production and use, particularly electricity, oil and gas and bio-fuels; transport systems; and solid and liquid urban waste.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABATEMENT COSTABATEMENT COSTSACCESS TO FINANCINGACCESS TO FINANCING RESOURCESAGRICULTURAL EMISSIONSAIRAIR CONDITIONINGAIR POLLUTANTAIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONSAIR TRANSPORTAIRCRAFTALLOCATIONAMAZON DEFORESTATIONAMAZON RAINFORESTANNUAL EMISSIONSANNUAL GLOBAL EMISSIONSATLANTIC FORESTATMOSPHEREBIKE LANEBIOMASSBULLET TRAINBUSBUSESCAPITAL SUBSIDIESCARBONCARBON ABATEMENTCARBON BALANCECARBON CONTENTCARBON CREDITSCARBON DIOXIDECARBON EMISSIONSCARBON ENERGYCARBON EQUIVALENTCARBON FINANCECARBON INTENSITYCARBON INVENTORIESCARBON LEAKAGECARBON MARKETCARBON MITIGATIONCARBON PRICECARBON STOCKCARBON STOCKSCARBON TECHNOLOGIESCARBON UPTAKECARSCH4CHANGES IN LAND USECLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECOCO2COGENERATIONCOMBUSTIONCONGESTIONCOST OF TRANSPORTDEFORESTATIONDEFORESTATION RATESDEGRADED FORESTSDIESELDISCOUNT RATEEARTH SUMMITECONOMIC ANALYSESECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC BENEFITSECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INCENTIVEECONOMIC MODELELECTRIC LIGHTINGELECTRIC MOTORSELECTRICITYELECTRICITY CONSERVATIONELECTRICITY GENERATIONEMISSIONEMISSION INTENSITYEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIALEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSION SOURCESEMISSIONSEMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTUREEMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATIONEMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTEMISSIONS MITIGATIONEMISSIONS PROFILEEMISSIONS REDUCTIONENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY DEMANDENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURESENERGY MIXENERGY PLANNINGENERGY PRODUCTIONENERGY USEETHANOLFEASIBILITYFINANCIAL INCENTIVESFINANCIAL MECHANISMFINANCIAL RESOURCESFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFORESTFOREST CLEARINGFOREST COVERFOREST PLANTATIONSFOREST PROTECTIONFOREST RECOVERYFOREST RESERVESFOREST RESTORATIONFORESTRYFORESTRY ACTIVITIESFORESTSFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTIONFOSSIL FUELSFOSSIL-FUEL EMISSIONSFREIGHTFREIGHT TRANSPORTFUEL COMBUSTIONFUEL CONSERVATIONFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL PRODUCTIONFUEL SUBSTITUTIONFUEL SWITCHINGFUELSGASESGASOLINEGASOLINE CONSUMPTIONGENERATION CAPACITYGHGGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGRID CONNECTIONHFCSINCOMEINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SUPPORTIRONLAND FOR AGRICULTURELAND OWNERSHIPLAND USELAND-USE CHANGELANDFILLLANDFILL GASLANDFILL METHANELEVEL OF EMISSIONSLIQUID WASTELIVESTOCK ACTIVITIESLIVESTOCK EMISSIONSLOW CARBON TECHNOLOGIESLOW CARBON VEHICLELOW-CARBONLOWER CARBON EMISSIONSMARGINAL ABATEMENTMARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTMASS TRANSITMASS TRANSPORTATIONMETHANEMETHANE EMISSIONSMITIGATION POTENTIALMOBILITYMODAL SHIFTN2ONATIONAL EMISSIONNATIONAL EMISSIONSNATURAL GASNATURAL RESOURCESNEGATIVE IMPACTSNITROGENNITROUS OXIDEOILOIL PRICEOIL PRICESPASSENGER TRAINSPASSENGERSPERFLUOROCARBONPFCSPOWER GENERATIONPRICE DISTORTIONSRAILRAIL TRANSITRAILWAYRAILWAYSRAINFALLRAPID TRANSITREFINERIESREGIONAL TRANSPORTRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESROADROADSSANITATIONSCENARIOSSF6SOIL CARBONSOLAR ENERGYSPILLOVER EFFECTSSUGAR CANESULFURSULFUR HEXAFLUORIDESUPPLY SIDESUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE ENERGYTAXTEMPERATURETHERMAL POWERTOTAL EMISSIONSTRAFFICTRAFFIC MANAGEMENTTRAFFIC MANAGEMENT MEASURESTRANSIT OPTIONSTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORT DEMANDTRANSPORT EFFICIENCYTRANSPORT ENERGY CONSUMPTIONTRANSPORT MEASURESTRANSPORT MODESTRANSPORT PLANTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SECTOR EMISSIONSTRANSPORT SYSTEMSTRANSPORTATION SYSTEMSTRAVEL DEMANDTRUCKSURBAN TRANSPORTURBAN TRANSPORTATIONVEHICLE OWNERSVEHICLESWASTE MANAGEMENTWINDWIND ENERGYWIND-ENERGY10.1596/17526