World Bank2013-02-282013-02-282011-04https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12583The Romanian government recognizes that there are current and future problems related to the risk of old-age poverty among elderly farmers, and has been working on sustainable solutions to avert this risk. The main objective of this report is to provide recommendations to the policy makers in Romania in designing a non-contributory program for poor elderly, including farmers. To this end, the report (i) evaluates the current semi-subsistence farming structure and the income situation of farmers in Romania, including access to EU support programs; (ii) provides an overview of the social protection currently available to elderly farmers in Romania through the existing social insurance and social assistance system; and (iii) presents options for a non-contributory scheme for the elderly poor, including farmers, and analyzes the fiscal and poverty impact and the administrative feasibility of each option.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABSOLUTE POVERTYABSOLUTE POVERTY LINEACCOUNTINGADMINISTRATIVE COSTSADMINISTRATIVE FEASIBILITYAGING POPULATIONAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIESAGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVEAGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVESAGRICULTURAL CREDITAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL LANDAGRICULTURAL POLICYAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL SECTORAGRICULTURAL SUPPORTARABLE LANDBASIC BENEFITBENEFICIARYBENEFIT FORMULABENEFIT LEVELSCASH INCOMECOMMERCIAL FARMSCOST-EFFECTIVENESSCREDIT INSTITUTIONSDEBTDEBT FINANCINGDECLINE IN POVERTYDEFINED BENEFITDEFINED-CONTRIBUTION PENSIONDEPENDENCY RATIODIRECT BENEFICIARIESDISABILITY PENSIONDISABILITY PENSIONSECONOMIC GROWTHELDERLYELDERLY PEOPLEEXPENDITUREEXPENDITURESFAMILIES WITH CHILDRENFAMILY ALLOWANCESFAMILY FARMSFAMILY MEMBERSFARM ACTIVITYFARM HOUSEHOLDSFARM INCOMEFARM SIZEFARM WORKFARMERFARMERSFARMING ACTIVITIESFARMING COMMUNITYFARMING HOUSEHOLDSFARMING SEASONFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL PERFORMANCEFINANCIAL SUPPORTFINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITYFISCAL DEFICITSFLAT RATE CONTRIBUTIONSFOOD CONSUMPTIONFOOD PRODUCTIONGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROSS WAGEHEALTH CAREHOUSEHOLD BUDGETHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDRENHOUSINGHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIMPACT ON POVERTYINCOME LEVELSINCOME SECURITYINCOME SHOCKINCOME SUPPORTINCOME VOLATILITYINCOMES FROM AGRICULTUREINSTRUMENTINSURANCEINSURANCE PENSIONINSURANCE PENSIONSIRRIGATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET PROGRAMSLACK OF CREDITLAND AS COLLATERALLAND HOLDINGSLAND OWNERSHIPLAND SIZELANDHOLDERSLANDHOLDINGSLANDOWNERSLIABILITYLIFE ANNUITYLIFE EXPECTANCYLOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOW LIQUIDITYMAJORITY OF FARMERSMANDATORY PILLARSMANDATORY SCHEMEMARKET ECONOMYMEANS TESTINGMEANS TESTSMINIMUM INCOMEMONTHLY CONTRIBUTIONMORTALITYMULTIPILLAR PENSION SYSTEMNATIONAL PENSIONNEGATIVE INCOME SHOCKNET INCOMENONFARM INCOMEOLD AGEOLD AGE PENSIONOLD AGE POVERTYOLD-AGE PENSIONSOLDER PEOPLEPAY-AS-YOU-GO SYSTEMPENSION AGEPENSION BENEFITPENSION BENEFITSPENSION CONTRIBUTIONSPENSION FUNDPENSION FUND MANAGEMENTPENSION INCOMEPENSION PAYMENTSPENSION PROGRAMPENSION REFORMPENSION SCHEMEPENSION SCHEMESPENSION SYSTEMPENSION SYSTEM PARAMETERSPENSION SYSTEM REFORMSPENSION SYSTEMSPENSIONERPENSIONERSPENSIONSPERSONAL INCOMEPILLAR BENEFITSPOLITICAL SUPPORTPOOR BENEFICIARIESPOOR FAMILIESPOOR FARMERSPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR PEOPLEPOVERTY ASSESSMENTPOVERTY GAPPOVERTY IMPACTPOVERTY INCIDENCEPOVERTY INDICATORSPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY RATESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY RISKPOVERTY STATUSPUBLIC PENSIONRATE OF RETURNRETIREERETIREESRETIREMENTRETIREMENT AGERETIREMENT AGESRETIREMENT INCOMEREVENUE COLLECTIONRURALRURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL POORRURAL POPULATIONRURAL POPULATIONSRURAL SECTORSAFETY NETSAFETY NET PROGRAMSSAVINGSSELF-EMPLOYMENTSMALL FARMSSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL INSURANCE BENEFITSSOCIAL INSURANCE FUNDSOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEMSOCIAL PENSIONSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SAFETY NETSUBSISTENCESUBSISTENCE FARMERSTARGETINGTAXTOTAL POVERTYTOTAL POVERTY RATETRANSACTIONTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSITION ECONOMIESUNEMPLOYMENTUNIVERSAL SUBSIDIESVALUATIONWARWELFARE LEVELWorld Bank10.1596/12583