World Bank2012-03-192012-03-192010978-0-8213-8296-7https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2433Before the current economic crisis hit the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region in 2008, energy security was a major source of concern in Central and Eastern Europe and in many of the economies in the former Soviet Union. Energy importers were experiencing shortages leading to periodic brownouts and blackouts. An energy crisis seemed imminent. This report analyzes the outlook for energy demand and supply in the region. It estimates the investment requirements and highlights the potential environmental concerns associated with meeting future energy needs, including those related to climate change. The report also proposes the actions necessary to create an attractive environment for investment in cleaner energy. Greater regional cooperation for smart energy and climate action is an important part of the World Bank's engagement in Europe and Central Asia.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ENERGYAIRAIR POLLUTIONALTERNATIVE ENERGYALTERNATIVE FUELAPPROACHATMOSPHEREAVAILABILITYBALANCEBIOGASBIOMASSBOILERBROWN COALCALORIFIC VALUECARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONSCARBON ECONOMYCARBON EMISSIONCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON FINANCECARBON FINANCINGCARBON FOOTPRINTCARBON FUELSCARBON INTENSITYCARBON PRICECARBON REDUCTIONSCARBON TAXESCARBON TRADINGCLEAN TECHNOLOGYCLEANER ENERGYCLEANER TECHNOLOGIESCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECOCO2COALCOAL CONSUMPTIONCOAL EXPORTSCOAL INDUSTRYCOAL PRODUCTIONCOAL RESERVESCOAL RESOURCESCOAL SUPPLYCOAL USECOLORSCONSUMPTION OF ENERGYCONVERGENCECRUDE OILCRUDE OIL PRODUCTIONDEFORESTATIONDEMAND FOR ELECTRICITYDIESELDIESEL GENERATORSDISTRIBUTION LOSSESDISTRICT HEATINGDISTRICT HEATING NETWORKSDISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMDOMESTIC COALDOMESTIC OILDRY GASEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTEFFICIENT LIGHTINGELECTRIC HEATERSELECTRICITYELECTRICITY CAPACITYELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTIONELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY GENERATION CAPACITYELECTRICITY PRODUCTIONELECTRICITY SUPPLYELECTRICITY TARIFFSEMISSIONEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSIONS ALLOWANCESEMISSIONS TARGETSENERGY BUILDINGSENERGY CONSUMERSENERGY DEMANDENERGY DEVELOPMENTENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTSENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURESENERGY INDUSTRIESENERGY INFRASTRUCTUREENERGY INTENSITYENERGY MIXENERGY NEEDSENERGY OUTLOOKENERGY PRICESENERGY REQUIREMENTSENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SECURITYENERGY SERVICEENERGY SERVICE COMPANYENERGY SHORTAGESENERGY SOURCEENERGY SOURCESENERGY STRATEGIESENERGY USEENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONFEEDSTOCKFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL PRICESFUEL SWITCHINGFUELSGAS CONSUMPTIONGAS DEVELOPMENTGAS EXPLORATIONGAS FLARINGGAS FLARING REDUCTIONGAS IMPORTSGAS PIPELINESGAS RESERVESGAS SECTORGAS SUPPLIESGAS SUPPLYGAS TRANSMISSIONGAS TURBINEGAS VENTINGGASOLINEGENERATING CAPACITYGENERATIONGENERATION OF ELECTRICITYGLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGEGLOBAL WARMINGGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEALTH HAZARDHEALTH RISKSHEATHEAT GENERATIONHIGHER ENERGY PRICESHYDROPOWERIMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCYINTERNATIONAL EMISSION TRADINGINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYINVESTMENTS IN ENERGYKILOWATT HOURLANDFILLLANDFILL GASLANDFILLSLIGNITE PRODUCTIONLIQUEFIED NATURAL GASLOW-CARBONMEMBER STATESMETHANEMETHANE GASNATURAL GASNATURAL GAS PRICESNATURAL GAS PRODUCTIONNET OILNEW PLANTSNITROGENNOISE POLLUTIONNOXNUCLEAR POWERNUCLEAR POWER GENERATIONNUCLEAR REACTORSOIL COMPANIESOIL EQUIVALENTOIL EXPORTSOIL FIELDOIL PRICEOIL PRODUCERSOIL PRODUCTIONOIL REFININGOIL RESERVESOIL RESERVOIRORGANIC WASTEOXIDESPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPEAK PRODUCTIONPETROLEUMPETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIESPETROLEUM PRODUCTSPETROLEUM SECTORPIPELINEPLASTICSPOLLUTIONPOLLUTION LEVELSPOWERPOWER GENERATIONPOWER PLANTPOWER PLANTSPOWER PRODUCTIONPOWER SECTORPOWER SUPPLYPOWER SYSTEMSPRICE VOLATILITYPRIMARY ENERGYPRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTIONPRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTIONPRIMARY ENERGY REQUIREMENTSPRIMARY ENERGY RESOURCESPRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLYPRIMARY FUELRECOVERABLE COALRECYCLABLE WASTEREFINERY CAPACITYRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTRENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTSRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESRENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESSOXSULFURSUPPLY EFFICIENCYSURFACE MININGTHERMAL PLANTSTHERMAL POWERTHERMAL POWER GENERATIONTONS OF CARBONTRADITIONAL FUELSUTILITY DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENTVEHICLESWINDWORLD PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTIONWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-8296-7