Kuddo, ArvoAngel-Urdinola, Diego F.2017-08-102017-08-102010-07https://hdl.handle.net/10986/27712This note provides a general background of the main features of labor regulation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and benchmarks them against international best practices. The note compiles information on available labor laws and other legal acts concerning employment protection regulation. Within the broader scope of labor regulation, and in order to assure regional comparability, information collected focuses on key issues in the labor law associated with commencing or terminating employment and during the period of employment (including maternity benefits). The main sources the data are the World Bank doing business 2010 and International Labour Organisation (ILO) databank. This note is a tool to provide policymakers and international organizations with a regional diagnose of how labor regulation affects labor market outcomes in MENA and inform client governments about strategic approaches to employment creation through labor policy and reform. This activity comes as a response to regional priorities in the context of the Arab World Initiative (AWI). One of the six strategic themes of the AWI focuses explicitly on employment creation as a top priority. Part of the World Bank's mandate under the AWI is to inform client governments about strategic approaches to employment creation through labor policy and reform.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABOLITION OF FORCED LABORACTIVE LABORACTIVE LABOR MARKETACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIESACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMSADULT WORKERSADVERSE EFFECTSANNUAL LEAVEAVERAGE WAGEAVERAGE WAGESBARGAINING AGREEMENTBARGAINING POWERBUSINESS CYCLECHILD LABORCOLLECTIVE AGREEMENTCOLLECTIVE AGREEMENTSCOLLECTIVE BARGAININGCOLLECTIVE DISMISSALSCOMPETITIVE MARKETCOMPETITIVE PRODUCT MARKETCONTRACT ENFORCEMENTCRISESDISABILITYDISADVANTAGED GROUPSDISMISSALDISPLACEMENTEARNINGS INEQUALITYECONOMIC EFFICIENCYECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC SHOCKSECONOMIC THEORYEMPLOYABILITYEMPLOYEEEMPLOYERSEMPLOYERS ASSOCIATIONSEMPLOYERS ORGANIZATIONSEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT CREATIONEMPLOYMENT GROWTHEMPLOYMENT INDICATORSEMPLOYMENT LEVELSEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT OUTCOMESEMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATIONEMPLOYMENT RATESEMPLOYMENT SECURITYFEMALE EMPLOYMENTFEMALE LABORFIRINGFIRING COSTFIRING COSTSFIRM GROWTHFIRST-TIME JOB SEEKERFLEXIBLE EMPLOYMENTFORCED LABORFOREIGN LABORFREEDOM OF ASSOCIATIONHEALTH INSURANCEHIRINGHOURS OF WORKHUMAN CAPITALILO CONVENTIONSINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME SECURITYINCOME SUPPORTINDUSTRIAL RELATIONSINFORMAL ECONOMIESINFORMAL EMPLOYMENTINFORMAL SECTORINTERNATIONAL MARKETINTERNATIONAL TREATIESJOB CREATIONJOB LOSSESJOB PLACEMENTJOB PLACEMENT SERVICESJOB SEARCHJOB SECURITYJOB SEEKERSJOB-SEARCH ACTIVITIESJOBSLABOR CODESLABOR CONTRACTSLABOR COSTSLABOR DEMANDLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR LAWLABOR LAWSLABOR LEGISLATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET ADJUSTMENTLABOR MARKET CONDITIONSLABOR MARKET EXPERIENCELABOR MARKET FLEXIBILITYLABOR MARKET INDICATORSLABOR MARKET OUTCOMESLABOR MARKET PERFORMANCELABOR MARKET PROGRAMSLABOR MARKET REFORMSLABOR MARKET REGULATIONSLABOR MARKET SITUATIONLABOR MARKETSLABOR MOBILITYLABOR OFFICELABOR POLICYLABOR PROGRAMSLABOR REGULATIONLABOR REGULATIONSLABOR RELATIONSLABOR STANDARDSLABOR SUPPLYLABOR TURNOVERLABOR UNIONLABOR UNIONSLAID-OFF WORKERSLAYOFFLAYOFFSLIFE EXPECTANCYLIFELONG LEARNINGLIMITED ENFORCEMENT CAPACITYLIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDSLONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENTLONGTERM UNEMPLOYMENTLOW EMPLOYMENTMALE WORKERMANDATED BENEFITSMARKET ECONOMYMARKET FAILURESMARKET LIBERALIZATIONMARKET WAGEMATERNITY BENEFITSMATERNITY LEAVEMINIMUM WAGEMINIMUM WAGESNET EMPLOYMENTNIGHT WORKOCCUPATIONOLDER WORKERSOVERTIMEOVERTIME WORKPAID MATERNITYPAID WORKERSPERMANENT EMPLOYMENTPERMANENT WORKERSPERSONNELPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOLITICAL PROCESSPRESENT VALUEPRIMARY CONCERNPRIVATE FIRMSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR FIRMPRIVATE SECTORSPRODUCT MARKET REFORMSPRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENTPRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC SERVICERECOMMENDATIONSREDUNDANCYREPLACEMENT WORKERSREST PERIODRIGHT TO ORGANIZERIGID LABOR MARKETSSAFETYSAFETY NETSAFETY NETSSERVANTSSEVERANCE PAYSEVERANCE PAY SYSTEMSEVERANCE PAYMENTSSKILLED LABORSOCIAL COHESIONSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SECURITYSTRIKESTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETEMPORARY JOBSTEMPORARY WORKERSTERMINATIONTOTAL EMPLOYMENTTRADE UNIONSTRAINING REQUIREMENTSTRIPARTITEUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYED PEOPLEUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITSUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCEUNEMPLOYMENT OUTCOMESUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNEMPLOYMENT SPELLSUNSKILLED LABORUNSKILLED WORKERSWAGE DISTRIBUTIONWAGE LEVELWAGE POLICYWAGE PREMIUMWAGE PREMIUMSWAGE RATEWAGE RATESWAGE SETWAGE STRUCTUREWOMEN WORKERSWORK HOURSWORK ORGANIZATIONWORKERWORKERSWORKINGWORKING HOURSWORKING TIMEWORKING WOMENWORKPLACEYOUNG WORKERSYOUNGER WORKERSYOUTH EMPLOYMENTWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/27712