Gómez, RafaelOlivera, MauricioVelasco, Mario A.2017-08-292017-08-292009-09978-1-60244-117-0https://hdl.handle.net/10986/28072After a century of political centralization in Colombia, the first public election of city mayors in 19861 began a decentralization trend, which was later reinforced by a constitutional reform in 1991. Subnational governments (departments and municipalities) were made responsible for the planning and management of social and economic development in their jurisdictions. Administrative and political reforms were accompanied by fiscal decentralization, including the transfer of central government revenues. Since 1991 the growth of fiscal transfers has accelerated. Departments and municipalities are now responsible for public health, education, water supply, and sanitation expenditures through earmarked transfers. Out of the total amount of central government expenditures (21.8 percent of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in 2008) almost one-quarter represent regional transfers (5 percent of GDP), which finance half of all regional expenditures (10.2 percent of GDP). The purpose of this paper is to describe the budget process reform implemented in Medellin, and to analyze its actual performance and evaluate its success. The reform is changing the way public resources are allocated and executed, while gradually institutionalizing supply and demand-side practices beyond the government's political cycles. This paper describes and analyzes how the Results-oriented budgeting (RoB) was designed and implemented, and the achievements of the system to date, in terms of resource allocation and the policy-making process.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO EDUCATIONACCOUNTINGACTION PLANACTION PLANSASYMMETRIC INFORMATIONBEST PRACTICESBUDGET ALLOCATIONBUDGET ALLOCATIONSBUDGET CONSTRAINTBUDGET FORMULATIONBUDGET PROCESSBUDGET REFORMBUDGETINGBUSINESS TOOLCAPITAL EXPENDITURESCHAMBER OF COMMERCECITIZEN PARTICIPATIONCOLLECTIVE ACTIONSCOMMUNICATION STRATEGYCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCONTACT INFORMATIONCUSTOMER SATISFACTIONDATA ANALYSISDEBTDEBT BURDENDEBT SERVICEDECENTRALIZATIONDECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING PROCESSESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTENFORCEMENT MECHANISMSENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNINGEQUIPMENTEVASIONEXERCISESEXPENDITUREFAMILIESFINANCIAL INFORMATIONFINANCIAL INSTRUMENTFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIAL SUPPORTFINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITYFINANCIAL TERMSFISCAL DECENTRALIZATIONFISCAL DISCIPLINEFISCAL PERFORMANCEFISCAL POLICYFISCAL RESPONSIBILITYGENERAL PUBLICGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURESGOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONSGOVERNMENT REVENUESHEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH RESEARCHHOSPITALSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIMPLEMENTATION PROCESSIMPLEMENTATION STAGEINCOMEINCOME LEVELINCOME LEVELSINDEBTEDNESSINFLATIONINFORMATION ASYMMETRIESINFORMATION ASYMMETRYINFORMATION COMPONENTINFORMATION FLOWSINFORMATION NETWORKINFORMATION POLICYINFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEMSINNOVATIONINSTITUTIONINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIESINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINTERVENTIONINVESTMENT DECISIONSINVESTMENT PROJECTSINVESTMENT RESOURCESKNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENTLAW ENFORCEMENTLAWSLEGAL INSTRUMENTLIQUIDATIONLOANMDPMORAL HAZARDMORBIDITYMORTALITYMUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATIONMUNICIPALITIESNATIONAL INVESTMENTNUTRITIONOUTPUTSPERFORMANCE INDICATORSPERFORMANCE MEASURESPERFORMANCESPERSONAL COMMUNICATIONPOLITICAL CONTROLPOLITICAL ECONOMYPORTFOLIOPRIVATE SECTORPROFESSIONAL STAFFPUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPUBLIC DEBTPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC GOODSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC RESOURCESQUALITY OF LIFEQUALITY OF SERVICEQUALITY OF SERVICESRADIORECURRENT EXPENDITURERESIGNATIONRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESULTRESULTSSECRETARIESSERVICE PROVIDERSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMSOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTSUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTSSUPERVISIONSYPHILISTARGETSTAXTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROJECTTECHNICAL SKILLSTECHNICAL SUPPORTTECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORTTELEPHONETELEVISIONTIME FRAMETRAINING WORKSHOPSTRANSLATIONTRANSPARENCYURBANIZATIONUSERUSERSUSESVERIFICATIONVIOLENCEWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/978-1-60244-117-0