Lewis, MaureenPettersson, Gunilla2012-03-192012-03-192009-10-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/4266The impacts of health care investments in developing and transition countries are typically measured by inputs and general health outcomes. Missing from the health agenda are measures of performance that reflect whether health systems are meeting their objectives; public resources are being used appropriately; and the priorities of governments are being implemented. This paper suggests that good governance is central to raising performance in health care delivery. Crucial to high performance are standards, information, incentives and accountability. This paper provides a definition of good governance in health and a framework for thinking about governance issues as a way of improving performance in the health sector. Performance indicators that offer the potential for tracking relative health performance are proposed, and provide the context for the discussion of good governance in health service delivery in the areas of budget and resource management, individual provider performance, health facility performance, informal payments, and corruption perceptions. What we do and do not know about effective solutions to advance good governance and performance in health is presented for each area, drawing on existing research and documented experiences.CC BY 3.0 IGOABSENTEEISMACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTABILITY FOR PERFORMANCEACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMSACCOUNTINGAGGREGATE EXPENDITUREAGGREGATE EXPENDITURESANNUAL BUDGETANNUAL BUDGET PROCESSAUDIT FINDINGSAUDITORSAUTHORIZED BUDGETAUXILIARY NURSESBANDAGESBASIC SERVICESBENEFICIARIESBUDGET ACCOUNTSBUDGET ALLOCATIONBUDGET ALLOCATIONSBUDGET COMPREHENSIVENESSBUDGET CREDIBILITYBUDGET CYCLEBUDGET EXECUTIONBUDGET MANAGEMENTBUDGET PROCESSBUDGET RECORDSBUDGET RULESCAPITAL EXPENDITURESCASH BALANCESCENTRAL GOVERNMENTCERTIFICATIONCLINICSCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCORRUPTION DATADATA COLLECTIONDATA ENTRYDATA ON PERFORMANCEDEATHSDEBTDELIVERY OF HEALTH SERVICESDOCTORSEDUCATION PROGRAMSEFFECTIVENESS OF SERVICE DELIVERYEFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC SPENDINGEMPLOYMENTESSENTIAL DRUGSEXPENDITURE AREASEXPENDITURE CATEGORIESEXPENDITURE CONTROLSEXPENDITURE PROGRAMEXPENDITURE TRACKING SURVEYSEXTERNAL ACCOUNTABILITYEXTERNAL AUDITEXTERNAL AUDITSFINANCE MANAGEMENTFINANCE MINISTRIESFINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITYFINANCIAL INFORMATIONFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSFINANCIAL REPORTSFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCING ARRANGEMENTSGOVERNMENT BUDGETSGOVERNMENT POLICIESHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE DELIVERYHEALTH CARE FACILITIESHEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALSHEALTH CARE PROVIDERSHEALTH CARE PROVISIONHEALTH CARE SERVICE DELIVERYHEALTH CARE SYSTEMHEALTH CARE SYSTEMSHEALTH CLINICHEALTH CLINICSHEALTH CONSEQUENCESHEALTH DEPARTMENTSHEALTH EXPENDITUREHEALTH EXPENDITURESHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH INVESTMENTSHEALTH MINISTRIESHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH POLICIESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH PROJECTSHEALTH PROVIDERSHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICEHEALTH SERVICE DELIVERYHEALTH SERVICE PROVIDERSHEALTH SERVICE PROVISIONHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SPENDINGHEALTH STATUSHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEMSHEALTH UNITHEALTH WORKFORCEHIV/AIDSHOSPITAL BEDSHOSPITAL MANAGEMENTHOSPITAL PATIENTSHOSPITAL PERFORMANCEHOSPITALSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENTHUMAN RESOURCESILLNESSIMMUNIZATIONINCOMEINFANT MORTALITYINSTITUTIONALIZATIONINSURANCEINTEGRATIONINTENDED BENEFICIARIESINTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL RELATIONSINTERMEDIARIESINTERNAL AUDITINTERNAL CONTROLINTERNAL CONTROLSLAWSLIFE EXPECTANCYLINES OF ACCOUNTABILITYLIVING CONDITIONSMANAGEMENT CONTROLMANAGEMENT CONTROLSMEASURABLE OUTPUTSMEDICAL CAREMEDICAL EDUCATIONMEDICAL EQUIPMENTMEDICAL SUPPLIESMEDICINESMIGRATIONMINISTRY OF FINANCEMISMANAGEMENTMORTALITYNURSESNURSINGOUTCOME INDICATORSPATIENTPATIENT SATISFACTIONPATIENTSPAYMENT SYSTEMPERFORMANCE DATAPERFORMANCE INDICATORSPERFORMANCE INFORMATIONPERFORMANCE ISSUESPERFORMANCE MEASURESPERFORMANCE MONITORINGPHARMACISTSPHARMACYPHYSICIANPHYSICIANSPOLITICIANSPRIVATE MARKETPRIVATE PHARMACIESPRIVATE SECTORPROBABILITYPROCUREMENT PROCESSPROGRAM MANAGERSPROGRAM OBJECTIVESPROGRAMSPROVIDER PAYMENTPROVISION OF HEALTH SERVICESPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRACKINGPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC FINANCEPUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENTPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH CAREPUBLIC HEALTH CARE SERVICESPUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEMSPUBLIC HEALTH WORKERSPUBLIC HOSPITALSPUBLIC INVESTMENTSPUBLIC OFFICIALSPUBLIC PROCUREMENTPUBLIC PROVISIONPUBLIC RESOURCESPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENTPUBLIC SERVICEQUALITY CONTROLQUALITY OF HEALTHQUALITY OF HEALTH CAREQUANTITATIVE SERVICE DELIVERYREGIONAL ADMINISTRATIONRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESOURCE FLOWSSECTOR POLICYSERVICE QUALITYTRANSPARENCYUNINTENDED CONSEQUENCESUSE PERFORMANCE INFORMATIONWASTEWORK ENVIRONMENTWORKERSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5074