World Bank2014-12-172014-12-172013-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/20774This document serves as a guide for those wishing to investigate the impacts of variable renewable energy (VRE) on the operation of power systems, particularly in the Philippines. The work was commissioned by the World Bank in 2011 to enhance the understanding of power system operation issues most affected by the integration of VRE, based on international experience. The objective is to build capacity in the Philippines for determining the important issues for the national grid and to enable the Philippines to design, carry out, and interpret the results of appropriate and effective studies. The approaches presented in this guide are based on state-of-the-art international practices, adapted to suit local conditions in the Philippines. The guide was developed through a survey of international VRE integration studies, charting the relevance to the Philippines of key elements such as the physical structure of the power system, the energy mix, expected level of VRE penetration, market structure, and operation practices and standards. The study guide shows how to estimate the amount of VRE that can be integrated into the power system if no changes are made to its present configuration; however, more important, it shows how to determine the potential operational impacts if a certain percentage of renewable energy resources are to be integrated. The main modeling approaches, data requirements, and scenarios that need to be analyzed to assess different types of impacts are described, and are supported by summaries of relevant international experience and key reference studies.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOALTERNATING CURRENTAPPROACHAVAILABILITYBALANCEBIOMASSCAPACITY LEVELSCAPITAL COSTSCARBONCARBON PRICECLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECOALCOAL OILCOLORSCONGESTIONCONTRACT CONDITIONSCONTRACTUAL AGREEMENTSCONVENTIONAL GENERATIONCONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTSDIRECT CURRENTECONOMIC GROWTHELECTRIC POWERELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMELECTRIC TRANSMISSIONELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY MARKETELECTRICITY PRODUCTIONELECTRICITY SYSTEMENERGY DEPARTMENTENERGY MANAGEMENTENERGY MIXENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSIONENERGY SECTORENERGY SOLUTIONSENERGY SOURCEENERGY SOURCESFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUEL PRICESFUTURE DEMANDGENERATION ASSETSGENERATION CAPACITYGENERATORSGOVERNMENT PLANSGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGRID CODEGRID COMPANYGRID ELECTRICITYGRID FREQUENCYGRID INTEGRATIONGRID SYSTEMSHYDRO POWERINDUCTIONINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINVERTERSIRRADIATIONLOAD SHEDDINGMETEOROLOGYMODERN WIND TURBINESNATIONAL GRIDNATURAL GASNATURAL RESOURCESNATURAL-GASNETWORK ELEMENTSOFFSHORE WINDOFFSHORE WIND FARMSOILPEAK DEMANDPEAK DEMAND PERIODSPHOTOVOLTAIC POWERPLANT OUTPUTPLANT PERFORMANCEPOWERPOWER AVAILABILITYPOWER CAPACITYPOWER DEMANDPOWER FLOWSPOWER GENERATIONPOWER PLANTPOWER PLANTSPOWER SUPPLYPOWER SYSTEMPOWER SYSTEMSPPRELIABILITY OF SUPPLYRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY CAPACITYRENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTRENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURERENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAMRENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCESRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESRENEWABLE GENERATIONRENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDRENEWABLE RESOURCESSERVICE CONTRACTSSOLAR POWERSOLAR RADIATIONSOLAR RADIATION DATASPOT MARKETSTORMSSUBSTATION EQUIPMENTSUMMER PEAKSUSTAINABLE ENERGYSYNCHRONOUS GENERATORSTRANSMISSION CAPACITYTRANSMISSION FACILITIESTRANSMISSION GRIDTRANSMISSION INFRASTRUCTURETRANSMISSION LINETRANSMISSION LINESTRANSMISSION OWNERSTRANSMISSION SYSTEMTURBINE GENERATORVOLTAGEWHOLESALE ELECTRICITYWINDWIND CAPACITYWIND DATAWIND ENERGYWIND FARMSWIND GENERATIONWIND POWERWIND POWER DEVELOPMENTWIND POWER GENERATIONWIND POWER PLANTSWIND POWER PRODUCTIONWIND POWER RESOURCESWIND SPEEDWIND SPEED MEASUREMENTWIND TURBINEWIND VARIABILITY10.1596/20774