Freeman, PeterMathur, Kavita2012-05-252012-05-252008978-1-60244-087-6https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6404This paper reviews the contribution of the World Bank's transport lending portfolio to health outcomes, as background for the Independent Evaluation Group's (IEG) evaluation of the Bank's support for health, nutrition and population (HNP). Over the past decade (FY97-06), the World Bank committed nearly $28 billion to 229 new transport projects managed by the Transport Sector Board (TSB). Specifically, the paper reviews the extent to which these projects: cite potential health benefits or risks in design documents; include specific objectives with respect to improving health outcomes or mitigating health risks; propose environmental improvements that are likely to provide health benefits; target transport services, and both health and behavioral outcomes to the poor; and plans to collect evidence on changes in health outcomes as a result of transport interventions. For completed projects, it assesses the extent to which expected health benefits or objectives have been achieved. This review of health benefits in the transport lending portfolio over the past decade shows that in the majority of the cases the focus has been on improvements in road safety, as measured by a reduction in the fatality or injury rates. Among the 55 projects with health related objectives, 82 percent had objectives to improve road safety, while only 7 percent had objectives to improve safety of other modes of transport and only 2 percent each had HIV/AIDS prevention or air quality improvement objectives.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS ROADSACCIDENT DATAACCIDENT RATESACCIDENT REDUCTIONSACCIDENTSACTIVE TRANSPORTAIRAIR POLLUTANTSAIR POLLUTIONAIR TRANSPORTAIR TRAVELAIRCRAFTAIRPORTSALL WEATHER ROADSAVIATION EMISSIONSBICYCLE PATHSBICYCLESBORDER CROSSINGSBUSBUS PRIORITYBUS PRIORITY LANESBUS STATIONSBUSWAYSCARCARBON MONOXIDECITY TRANSPORTCLEANER FUELSCLIMATE CHANGECOLLISIONSCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESCONDOMSCONSTRUCTION SITESCRASH BARRIERSCRASH FATALITIESCRASHESCROSSINGSCYCLINGDIABETESDIESELDIESEL ENGINESDISABILITIESDRIVER BEHAVIORDRIVERS LICENSESDRIVINGDRIVING LIMITSDRUNK DRIVINGDUSTEMERGENCY SERVICESEMISSIONSEMISSIONS STANDARDSENERGY CONSUMPTIONENFORCEMENT OF REGULATIONSENGINEENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSEXHAUST EMISSIONSEXTERNALITIESFAMILIESFATAL INJURYFATALITIESFATALITYFATALITY RATEFATALITY RATESFIRST AIDFRAMEWORKFUELFUEL PRICESGASOLINEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSHEALTH CAREHEALTH EFFECTSHEALTH INDICATORSHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH SERVICESHIGHWAYHIGHWAY ADMINISTRATIONHIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTHIGHWAY PROJECTHIGHWAY REHABILITATIONHIGHWAYSHIGHWAYS PROJECTSIMPACT OF TRANSPORTIMPROVEMENTS IN ROAD SAFETYINCOMEINFECTIOUS DISEASESINFLUENZAINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE REHABILITATIONINJURYINJURY ACCIDENTSINJURY PREVENTIONINJURY RATESINLAND WATERWAYINLAND WATERWAYSLAND USELEISURE ACTIVITIESMARITIME ACCIDENTSMASS TRANSITMINISTRY OF TRANSPORTMODE OF TRANSPORTMODES OF TRANSPORTMORTALITYMOTOR VEHICLEMOTORCYCLISTSMOTORIZED ROAD USERSMOTORIZED TRANSPORTNATIONAL ROADSNOISENOISE BARRIERSNOISE POLLUTIONNUTRITIONOZONEPEDESTRIANPEDESTRIAN CROSSINGSPEDESTRIANSPHYSICAL ACTIVITYPOLLUTIONPOLLUTION REDUCTIONPORT ACCESSPRIVATE MOTOR VEHICLESPRIVATE VEHICLEPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC TRANSITPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC TRANSPORT PRIORITYPUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMPUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMSPUBLIC TRANSPORT USAGEPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONRAILRAILWAYRAILWAY CROSSINGSRAILWAYSROADROAD ACCIDENTSROAD CONSTRUCTIONROAD DEATHSROAD DESIGNROAD DESIGNSROAD IMPROVEMENTROAD INFRASTRUCTUREROAD MAINTENANCEROAD NETWORKROAD PROJECTSROAD SAFETYROAD SAFETY ACTIONROAD SAFETY EDUCATIONROAD SECTORROAD SIGNAGEROAD TRAFFICROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTSROAD TRANSPORTROAD USERSROADSROADWAYSROUTESRURAL INFRASTRUCTURERURAL ROADSRURAL TRANSPORTSAFETY AGENCYSAFETY CAMPAIGNSSAFETY IMPACTSSAFETY IMPROVEMENTSSAFETY ISSUESSAFETY MEASURESSCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENTSEAT BELTSEAT BELT USESEAT BELTSSIDEWALKSSIGHT DISTANCESIGNAGESPEEDSPEED LIMITSSPREADINGSTATE HIGHWAYSTREET LIGHTSSTREETSSTRUCTURESSUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTTOLLTOLL ROADTRAFFICTRAFFIC CALMINGTRAFFIC CALMING MEASURESTRAFFIC CONGESTIONTRAFFIC FATALITIESTRAFFIC INJURIESTRAFFIC LAWSTRAFFIC MANAGEMENTTRAFFIC MANAGEMENT MEASURESTRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSTRAFFIC SAFETYTRAFFIC SIGNALSTRANSPORTTRANSPORT ACCIDENTSTRANSPORT CORRIDORSTRANSPORT EMISSIONSTRANSPORT FACILITATIONTRANSPORT IMPROVEMENTTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT MODESTRANSPORT OFFICIALSTRANSPORT POLICIESTRANSPORT POLICYTRANSPORT PROJECTSTRANSPORT RESEARCHTRANSPORT SAFETYTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORT STRATEGYTRAVEL SPEEDSTRAVEL TIMETRIPSTRUCK DRIVERSUNDERPASSESURBAN PLANNERSURBAN PLANNINGURBAN ROADURBAN ROADSURBAN TRAFFICURBAN TRAFFIC CONGESTIONURBAN TRANSPORTURBAN TRANSPORTATIONVEHICLEVEHICLE EMISSIONVEHICLE EMISSIONSVEHICLE EXHAUSTVEHICLE INSPECTIONSVEHICLE SAFETYVEHICLE SPEEDSVEHICLE USAGEVEHICLE USERSVEHICLESVULNERABLE ROAD USERSWALKINGWASTEWATER POLLUTIONWORKERSWorld Bank10.1596/978-1-60244-087-6