World Bank2012-03-192012-03-192010-12-31https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2975This report assesses some of the key barriers to greater trade and factor market integration in the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). The SADC has been a free trade area since 2008, and has an ambitious agenda for further trade integration. This report assesses the roles that cross-country differences in business environments have had in impeding cross-border trade flows and the cross-border integration of credit markets and the labor market based on the analysis of microeconomic data on firms and households. The aim of the assessment is to help inform the policy and business environment harmonization agenda of the community. The full report discusses and illustrates the use of price data in monitoring intraregional trade integration. The report evaluates the extent of integration of labor markets among members the statistical agencies of which regularly collect the minimum data required for this purpose, which are South Africa, Mauritius, Tanzania, and Zambia. The results show that, although there is considerable integration of South Africa's labor market with many others in the region, the degree of integration is rather low. This reflects the fact that both trade and capital flows are far more restricted in the region than in places where there is greater cross-border labor market integration.CC BY 3.0 IGOABSOLUTE VALUEALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCYAPARTHEIDARBITRAGEAVERAGE TARIFFAVERAGE TARIFFSBANKING INDUSTRIESBANKING INDUSTRYBARRIERBARRIERS TO ENTRYBORDER TRADEBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTSBUSINESS EXPANSIONBUSINESS REGULATIONCAPITAL ACCOUNTCAPITAL ACCOUNTSCAPITAL CONTROLSCAPITAL FLOWSCAPITAL GOODSCODE OF CONDUCTCODES OF CONDUCTCOLLATERALCOLLATERAL REQUIREMENTSCOMMERCIAL BANKSCOMMODITIESCOMMODITYCOMMODITY PRICECOMMON MARKETCOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURECOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPETITION POLICIESCOMPETITION POLICYCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKCONNECTIVITYCONSUMER GOODCONSUMER GOODSCONSUMER PRICE INFLATIONCONTRACT ENFORCEMENTCOST SAVINGSCREDIT INFORMATION SYSTEMSCROSS-BORDER TRANSACTIONCURRENCYCUSTOMS ADMINISTRATIONCUSTOMS CLEARANCECUSTOMS PROCEDURESCUSTOMS UNIONCUSTOMS UNIONSDATA AVAILABILITYDEMOCRACYDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDOLLAR VALUEDOMESTIC INDUSTRIESDOMESTIC INDUSTRYDOMESTIC MARKETSDOMESTIC PRODUCERSDOMESTIC SUPPLIERSECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INTEGRATIONEMERGING MARKETEMERGING MARKET ECONOMIESENVIRONMENTSEVIDENCE OF CONVERGENCEEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTSEXCHANGE RATESEXPORT BIASEXPORT DIVERSIFICATIONEXPORT GROWTHEXPORT MARKETEXPORT VOLUMESEXPORTERSEXPORTSEXTERNAL FINANCEEXTERNAL TARIFFFACTOR MARKET INTEGRATIONFACTOR MARKETSFINANCIAL DEVELOPMENTFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL INTEGRATIONFINANCIAL MARKETFINANCIAL PRODUCTSFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCIAL TRANSACTIONSFLOW OF CAPITALFOREIGN BANKSFOREIGN COMPETITIONFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN INVESTMENTFREE TRADEFREE TRADE AGREEMENTFREE TRADE AREAGLOBAL ECONOMYGOVERNANCE INDICATORSGOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENTGOVERNMENT OWNERSHIPGOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP OF BANKSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROWTH RATESHARMONIZATIONHIGH UNEMPLOYMENTHUMAN CAPITALIMPORT TARIFFSINCOMEINCOME GROUPSINCOMESINDIRECT BARRIERSINDUSTRY TRADEINSURANCEINTEREST RATEINTERMEDIATE GOODSINTERMEDIATE INPUTSINTERNATIONAL PRICESINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVESTMENT CLIMATEJUDICIAL SYSTEMSLABOR COSTSLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET INTEGRATIONLABOR MARKETSLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLEGAL FRAMEWORKLIBERALIZATIONLONG-TERM FINANCELOW-INCOME ECONOMYMANUFACTURING PRODUCTIVITYMARKET COMPETITIONMARKET ECONOMIESMARKET INTEGRATIONMARKET SHARESMICROFINANCEMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIESMIDDLE-INCOME ECONOMIESNATURAL RESOURCESNOMINAL INTEREST RATESOILOPENNESSOUTPUTOUTSOURCINGPOLICY ENVIRONMENTPOLITICAL STABILITYPOWER PARITYPRICE DIFFERENCESPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENTPRIVATIZATIONPROCESS OF INTEGRATIONPRODUCERSPRODUCTION PROCESSESPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPUBLIC UTILITIESPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSPURCHASING POWERPURE COMPETITIONRATES OF PROTECTIONREAL EXCHANGE RATEREAL EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITYREAL EXCHANGE RATESREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL TRADEREGIONAL TRADE INTEGRATIONREGULATORREGULATORY BARRIERSREGULATORY FRAMEWORKRESERVE BANKRULES OF ORIGINSHARE OF WORLD EXPORTSSHARE OF WORLD TRADESMALL BUSINESSSMALL BUSINESSESTARIFF BARRIERSTARIFF LEVELSTARIFF PROTECTIONTARIFF RATETARIFF RATESTARIFF REDUCTIONTAXTERMS OF TRADETRADE BARRIERSTRADE COSTSTRADE FACILITATIONTRADE FLOW DATATRADE FLOWSTRADE INTEGRATIONTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE POLICIESTRADE POLICYTRADE REFORMTRADE VOLUMESTRADING SYSTEMTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORT COSTSTREASURYUNILATERAL LIBERALIZATIONUNILATERAL REFORMVOLATILITYVOLUME OF TRADEWAGE CHANGESWAGE RATESWAGESWORKING CAPITALWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORSWORLD ECONOMYWORLD TRADEWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONWorld Bank10.1596/2975