World Bank2015-06-252015-06-252015-04https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22075Turkey’s demographic and economic transformation has been one of the world’s most dramatic, with urban growth and economic growth proceeding hand in hand. Distinguishing Turkey from many other developing countries has been the pace, scale, and geographical diversity of its spatial and economic transformation. Fast-growing secondary cities bring added challenges that define Turkey’s second-generation urban agenda. New and differentiated service standards will need to be established across both dense urban built-up areas and small villages and rural settlements within the newly-expanded metropolitan municipality administrative area. These developments make planning, connecting, and financing important policy principles for Turkey’s second-generation urban development agenda. This policy brief frames a second-generation urban development agenda to support Turkey’s transition from upper middle income to high income.enCC BY 3.0 IGOURBAN TRANSPORTSANITATIONROAD DEVELOPMENTPUBLIC TRANSITCITY TRANSPORTURBANIZATIONRAIL NETWORKURBAN GROWTHAIRPORTAUTONOMYTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTUREVEHICLESINDUSTRYPROPERTY RIGHTSRAIL NETWORKSBUS STATIONCENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICTMUNICIPAL REVENUEWATER SUPPLYPRIVATE HOUSINGSERVICESTRENDEMISSIONSINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTHOUSINGSOLID WASTE COLLECTIONTRANSIT OPTIONSPRICINGPROJECTSSUBSIDYTRAFFICROAD INFRASTRUCTURETAXCITIESWEALTHAIRTRANSPORT SERVICESURBAN TRANSPORT POLICYREVENUE SOURCESMUNICIPALITIESPUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMSSTREET LIGHTINGTRAFFIC MANAGEMENTPERSONAL VEHICLESVEHICLETRANSPORT INVESTMENTSROADTECHNICAL ASSISTANCEURBANISMLABOR COSTSCOSTSAIR POLLUTIONTRANSPORTATION NETWORKVEHICLE REPLACEMENTTRANSPORT SYSTEMSROAD NETWORKTRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSTRANSPORTPOPULATION GROWTHRAILWAY SYSTEMPUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMSURBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMSTRANSPORT STRATEGYTRANSPORT PLANNINGMODE OF TRANSPORTMETROPOLITAN CITIESMOBILITYPRODUCTIVITYEXTERNALITIESMIGRATIONTRANSFERSDEBTLEGISLATIONPOLLUTIONTRANSPORT PROJECTSLABORENTERPRISESCAPITAL INVESTMENTSTRANSPORT POLICYTRAFFIC ACCIDENTSSUBSIDIESTRANSPORT PLANGRANTSINFRASTRUCTURECARBON EMISSIONSTAXESLAND USEBANKSAUTOMOBILESBUSESPRIVATE VEHICLESLOCAL ADMINISTRATIONBUSEQUITYMODAL SHARECONGESTIONTRANSPORTATIONTRANSITPOLICIESTRANSPARENCYPROPERTY TAXESCARSCONGESTION COSTSHOUSING DEVELOPMENTLARGE CITIESACCESSIBILITYPOPULATION DENSITYMASS TRANSITPUBLIC TRANSPORTPROPERTYURBAN MOBILITYASSETSINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTSPUBLIC WORKSRAILWAYURBAN DEVELOPMENTSTREETSBRIDGEMINISTRY OF TRANSPORTTAX REVENUEROADSCROSSINGTAXATIONSPRAWLFLEETSLANDENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINTPERSONAL VEHICLEECONOMIES OF SCALETAXISAGGLOMERATION ECONOMIESACCIDENTSRIDERSHIPRAILURBAN TRANSPORT PLANNINGFUELCITLAND-USE PLANNINGREVENUETRANSPORT SYSTEMINVESTMENTSLIGHT RAILTRANSIT SYSTEMSTRANSPORT COSTSCAPITAL INVESTMENTGOVERNMENTSURBAN HOUSINGURBAN SPRAWLMUNICIPALTRANSIT SYSTEMReportWorld Bank10.1596/22075