Harrison, Glenn W.Rutherford, Thomas F.Tarr, DavidGurgel, Angelo2014-05-052014-05-052003-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18186The authors estimate that the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA), the EU-MERCOSUR agreement, and multilateral trade policy changes will all be beneficial for Brazil. The Brazilian government strategy of simultaneously negotiating the FTAA and the EU-MERCOSUR agreement, while supporting multilateral liberalization through the Doha Agenda, will increase the benefits of each of these policies. The authors estimate that the poorest households typically gain roughly three to four times the average for Brazil from any of the policies considerethe United States protects its most highly protected markets. Both the FTAA and the EU-MERCOSUR agreements are net trade-creating for the countries involved, but excluded countries almost always lose from the agreements. The authors estimate that multilateral trade liberalization of 50 percent in tariffs and export subsidies results in gains to the world more than four times greater than either the FTAA or the EU-MERCOSUR agreement. This shows the continued importance to the world trading community of the multilateral negotiations.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAGGREGATE GOODSAGGREGATE IMPORTSAGRICULTURAL MARKETSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL PROTECTIONAGRICULTURAL TRADEAGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATIONAGRICULTUREANDEAN PACTANTIDUMPINGANTIDUMPING ACTIONSAPPARELAVERAGE TARIFFAVERAGE TARIFF RATEAVERAGE TARIFFSBASE YEARBENCHMARKBORDER PROTECTIONCAPACITY BUILDINGCAPITAL STOCKCENTRAL BANKCENTRAL ELASTICITIESCENTRAL ELASTICITYCONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALECONSUMERSCOUNTRY OF DESTINATIONCOUNTRY OF ORIGINCUSTOMSCUSTOMS UNIONDEMAND ELASTICITIESDEVELOPMENTDOMESTIC PRODUCTIONDYNAMIC BENEFITSECONOMETRIC ESTIMATESECONOMIC RESEARCHELASTICITY OF TRANSFORMATIONEMPLOYMENTENDOGENOUS GROWTHEQUIVALENT VARIATIONEXPENDITURESEXPORT PRICESEXPORT PROMOTIONEXPORT SUBSIDIESEXPORT TAX EQUIVALENTSEXPORT TAXESEXPORTERSEXPORTSEXTERNAL TARIFFEXTERNAL TARIFFSEXTERNAL TRADEFACTOR SHARESFACTORS OF PRODUCTIONFREE ACCESSFREE TRADEFREE TRADE AGREEMENTFREE TRADE AREAGDPGINI COEFFICIENTGLOBAL COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUMGROWTH MODELSIMPACT OF TRADEIMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATIONIMPORT TARIFFSINCOMEINCOME ELASTICITIESINCOME LEVELSINCOME MEASURESINPUT-OUTPUT TABLESINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESSINTERNATIONAL TRADELIVING STANDARDSLOW TARIFFSMARKET POWERMEMBER COUNTRIESMETAL PRODUCTSMULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATIONMULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONSMULTILATERAL TRADEMULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATIONNON-TARIFF BARRIERSOILOPEN ECONOMYOPEN TRADEOPEN TRADE REGIMEPARTNER COUNTRIESPARTNER COUNTRYPER CAPITA INCOMEPOVERTY LINEPREFERENTIAL ARRANGEMENTSPREFERENTIAL MARKET ACCESSPREFERENTIAL TARIFFPREFERENTIAL TRADEPREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTPREFERENTIAL TRADE ARRANGEMENTSPREFERENTIAL TRADINGPREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTSPRIMARY FACTORSPRIMARY FACTORS OF PRODUCTIONPRODUCT CATEGORIESPRODUCTION FUNCTIONSPRODUCTIVITYPROTECTION DATAPROTECTION ESTIMATESPURCHASING POWERRATES OF PROTECTIONREAL EXCHANGE RATEREAL INCOMEREAL WAGE RATESREGIONAL ARRANGEMENTREGIONAL ARRANGEMENTSREGIONAL LIBERALIZATIONREGIONAL TRADEREGIONAL TRADE ARRANGEMENTSSTATIC EFFECTSTARIFF BARRIERSTARIFF CUTTARIFF CUTSTARIFF DATATARIFF EQUIVALENTSTARIFF LEVELSTARIFF LIBERALIZATIONTARIFF LINESTARIFF PROTECTIONTARIFF RATETARIFF RATESTARIFF REVENUETARIFF SCHEDULESTECHNICAL CHANGETHEORETICAL MODELSTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITYTRADETRADE AGREEMENTTRADE CREATIONTRADE DATATRADE DIVERSIONTRADE POLICIESTRADE POLICYTRADE POLICY OPTIONSTRADE REFORMSTRADING PARTNERTRADING PARTNERSTRANSFORMATION BETWEEN EXPORTSUNIFORM TARIFFSUNILATERAL LIBERALIZATIONUNILATERAL TRADEUNILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATIONUNILATERAL TRADE POLICYUNSKILLED LABORURUGUAY ROUNDUTILITY FUNCTIONUTILITY FUNCTIONSVALUE ADDEDVALUE-ADDED TAXESWAGE RATEWAGE RATESWAGESWELFARE EFFECTSWELFARE GAINSWELFARE IMPACTSWORLD MARKETSWORLD TRADEWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONWTOZERO TARIFFS REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTSREGIONAL TRADE INTEGRATIONREGIONAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTSMERCOSURMULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONSPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIESOUTPUTSPRICE DISTORTIONSVALUE ADDED TAXESEXPORT SUBSIDIESEXPORT TAXESMULTIFIBER ARRANGEMENTSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYHOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE SURVEYSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEFREE TRADE & PROTECTIONEUROPEAN UNIONTRADE LIBERALIZATIONREAL EXCHANGE RATETRADE POLICYZERO TARIFFSREGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS10.1596/1813-9450-3051