Malla, SunilTimilsina, Govinda R.2014-06-252014-06-252014-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18775Improving access to affordable and reliable energy services for cooking is essential for developing countries in reducing adverse human health and environmental impacts hitherto caused by burning of traditional biomass. This paper reviews empirical studies that analyze choices of fuel and adoption of improved stoves for cooking in countries where biomass is still the predominant cooking fuel. The review highlights the wide range of factors that influence households cooking fuel choices and adoption of improved stoves, including socioeconomic (access and availability, collection costs and fuel prices, household income, education and awareness), behavioral (food tastes, lifestyle), and cultural and external factors (indoor air pollution, government policies). The paper also summarizes the evidence on the significant adverse health impacts from exposure to indoor smoke, especially among women and young children. In low-income households, perceived health benefits of adopting improved stoves and financial benefits from fuel savings tend to be outweighed by the costs of improved stoves, even after accounting for the opportunity cost of time spent collecting biomass fuel. The paper identifies knowledge and evidence gaps on the success of policies and programs designed to scale up the adoption of improved cookstoves.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ELECTRICITYACCESS TO MODERN ENERGYAFFORDABLE ENERGYAGRICULTURAL RESIDUESAGRICULTURAL WASTEAIR POLLUTANTSAIR POLLUTIONAIR QUALITYALTERNATIVE ENERGYALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAMALTERNATIVE FUELSAMBIENT AIRAMBIENT AIR POLLUTIONANAEROBIC DIGESTIONANIMAL DUNGAPPROACHASHAVAILABILITYBALANCEBENZENEBIOENERGYBIOFUELBIOGASBIOGAS TECHNOLOGYBIOMASSBIOMASS BURNINGBIOMASS COLLECTIONBIOMASS COMBUSTIONBIOMASS ENERGYBIOMASS ENERGY PROJECTSBIOMASS FUELBIOMASS FUELSBIOMASS SMOKEBIOMASS STOVESBIOMASS USEBLACK CARBONBLACK CARBON EMISSIONSBRIQUETTESBURNING BIOMASSBURNING FOSSIL FUELSCARBON CREDITSCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON EMISSIONS REDUCTIONCARBON FINANCECARBON MARKETCARBON MITIGATIONCARBON MONOXIDECERAMIC LINERSCH4CHARCOALCHARCOAL PRODUCTIONCHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASECLEAN ENERGYCLEAN FUELCLIMATECLIMATE BENEFITSCLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE SYSTEMCLOUDSCOCO2COALCOAL CONSUMPTIONCOAL GASCOAL USECOLLECTION COSTSCOMBUSTIONCONVERSION EFFICIENCYCOOK STOVESCOOKINGCROPCROP RESIDUECROP RESIDUESCRUDE OILDEFORESTATIONDEFORESTATION RATEDIFFUSIONDIMETHYL ETHERDOMESTIC ENERGYECOSYSTEMEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTEMISSIONEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS REDUCTIONEMPLOYMENTEND-USE EFFICIENCYENERGY ACCESSENERGY ASSESSMENTENERGY BALANCEENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY DEMANDENERGY DEVELOPMENTENERGY ECONOMICSENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY MIXENERGY OUTLOOKENERGY POLICIESENERGY POLICYENERGY POVERTYENERGY REQUIREMENTSENERGY RESOURCESENERGY SECTORENERGY SERVICESENERGY SOURCEENERGY SOURCESENERGY USEENERGY USESENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCESENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGEENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSETHANOLFEEDSTOCKFERTILIZERSFOREST AREASFOREST COVERFOREST DEGRADATIONFOREST RESEARCHFOREST RESERVESFOREST RESOURCESFOREST TRANSITIONSFOREST ZONESFORESTRYFORESTSFORMALDEHYDEFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUELSFUELFUEL COLLECTIONFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL COSTFUEL COSTSFUEL DEMANDFUEL EFFICIENCYFUEL PRICESFUEL REQUIREMENTSFUEL SOURCEFUEL SUBSTITUTIONFUEL SUPPLYFUEL SWITCHINGFUEL TYPESFUEL USEGAS STOVEGAS STOVESGASEOUS FUELSGENERATIONGEOTHERMALGHGGLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGEGLOBAL WARMINGGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASHEATHIGH ENERGY CONTENTHOUSEHOLD ENERGYHOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD ENERGY USEHOUSEHOLD FUELSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHYDROCARBONSINTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCHINVESTMENTS IN ENERGYIPCCKEROSENEKEROSENE CONSUMPTIONLAND USELIGHTINGLIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASMAIZEMANUREMERCURYMETHANEMODERN FUELSNATURAL GASNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCESNEGATIVE IMPACTSOILSOPEN BURNINGORGANIC CARBONORGANIC MATTEROZONEOZONE PRECURSORSPAHPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPETROLEUMPETROLEUM GASPETROLEUM PRODUCTSPLANT OILSPOLLUTANT EMISSIONSPOLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONSPOWERPOWER PLANTSPRICE OF ELECTRICITYPRICE OF FUELSPRICES OF COALPRIMARY ENERGYPRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGYQUALITY FUELQUALITY FUELSRADIATIVE FORCINGRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESRURAL AREASRURAL ELECTRIFICATIONRURAL ENERGYRURAL HOUSEHOLDRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL VILLAGESSMOKESOLID BIOFUELSSOLID FUELSOLID FUELSSORGHUMSUGARSUGAR CANESULFURSUSTAINABLE ENERGYSUSTAINABLE MARKETTOTAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTSTRADITIONAL BIOMASSTRADITIONAL FUELSTRADITIONAL STOVETRADITIONAL STOVESTROPICAL DEFORESTATIONTROPICAL ECOSYSTEMSTROPICAL FORESTTROPICSUNEPURBAN HOUSEHOLDURBAN HOUSEHOLDSUSE OF BIOMASSUSE OF BIOMASS ENERGYWHEATWINDWMOWOODWOOD FUELWOOD PELLETS10.1596/1813-9450-6903