Ringold, DenaFiszbein, ArielSrinivasan, Santhosh2017-06-272017-06-272011-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/27394Developing countries have responded to the multiple shocks from the food, fuel and finance crises of 2008-2009 with a mix of responses aimed at both mitigating the immediate impacts of the crises on households (and particularly children), and protecting future investments in human capital. While some countries have introduced new safety net programs, others have modified and/or expanded existing ones. Since many countries have introduced conditional cash transfers (CCTs) in recent years, these programs have been used as an important starting point for a response. This paper aims to describe how conditional cash transfers have been used by different countries to respond to the crises (e.g. by expanding coverage and/or increasing benefit amounts), distill lessons about their effectiveness as crisis-response programs, identify design features that can facilitate their ability to respond to transient poverty shocks, and assess how they can complement other safety net programs.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITYADULT LEARNINGADVISORY SERVICEASYLUM SEEKERSBANK LENDINGBANK POLICYBENEFICIARYBENEFIT LEVELSBENEFIT PAYMENTSCASH ASSISTANCECASH TRANSFERCASH TRANSFER PROGRAMSCHECKSCHILD DEVELOPMENTCHILD HEALTHCHILD LABORCHILD WELFARECHRONICALLY POORCONDITIONAL CASHCONSUMER SUBSIDIESCORRUPTIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDISABILITY BENEFITSDISPLACEMENTDONOR SUPPORTDROUGHTECONOMIC CONDITIONSECONOMIC CRISISECONOMIC DOWNTURNECONOMIC SHOCKEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTENROLLMENTSEXPENDITURESEXPLOITATIONEXTERNAL SHOCKSEXTERNALITIESFAMILY ALLOWANCEFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL LITERACYFISCAL POLICIESFOOD INSECURITYFOOD PROGRAMFRAUDHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH SERVICESHEIGHT FOR AGEHOUSEHOLD ALLOCATIONHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INVESTMENTSHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSEHOLD WELFAREHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENTSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKSINCOMEINCOME SHOCKSINCOME SUPPORTINCOME VOLATILITYINFLATIONINFORMATION SYSTEMINNOVATIONINSTRUMENTINSURANCE POLICIESINTERNATIONAL AIDINTERNATIONAL BANKINVENTORYINVESTINGJOB TRAININGLABOR LAWSLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET POLICYLABOR MARKET PROGRAMSLABOR SUPPLYLIVING STANDARDSLOANLOAN AMOUNTMALNUTRITIONMEANS TESTMEANS TESTINGMINIMUM INCOMEMINIMUM WAGENATURAL DISASTERNUTRITIONAL STATUSOLD AGEOLD AGE PENSIONOPPORTUNITY COSTPAYMENT SYSTEMSPENSION SYSTEMSPENSIONSPHYSICAL CAPITALPOLICY RESPONSESPOLITICAL SUPPORTPOORPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY LEVELPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY RELIEFPRIVATE INVESTMENTSPRIVATE TRANSFERSPRODUCTIVE ASSETSPRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTSPRODUCTIVITYPROGRAM COVERAGEPROTECTION POLICYPROTECTION SYSTEMPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC PROVISIONPUBLIC WORKSPUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMSPURCHASING POWERRECESSIONREFUGEESREMITTANCESRESERVESRISK MANAGEMENTRISK MITIGATIONSAFETYSAFETY NETSAFETY NET MEASURESSAFETY NET PROGRAMSSAVINGSSAVINGS ACCOUNTSSCHOLARSHIPSCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL ENROLLMENTSCHOOL FEEDINGSCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMSSEVERANCE PAYSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL BENEFITSSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL FUNDSSOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL NETWORKSSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL PROGRAMSSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL RISKSOCIAL SAFETY NETSOCIAL SAFETY NETSSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESOCIAL SPENDINGSOCIAL WELFARESTATUS OF WOMENSUPPORT PROGRAMSUPPORT TO FAMILIESTARGETINGTARGETING MECHANISMSTAXTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETRANSFER AMOUNTTRANSFER PROGRAMTRANSFER SYSTEMSTRANSIENT POORTRANSIENT POVERTYTRANSIENT SHOCKSUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITSUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCEURBAN AREASVILLAGESVULNERABLE CHILDRENVULNERABLE GROUPSVULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDSVULNERABLE PEOPLEWAGE SUBSIDIESWAGESWEATHER SHOCKSWORK PROGRAMWORKFAREWORKING HOURSWORKS PROGRAMWORKS PROJECTSWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/27394