Morrison, AndrewRaju, DhushyanthSinha, Nistha2012-06-062012-06-062007-09https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7321This paper reviews empirical findings from economic analyses of the role of gender equality and women's empowerment in reducing poverty and stimulating growth. Going beyond the large literature documenting the impact of female education on a range of development outcomes, the paper presents evidence on the impact of women's access to markets (labor, land, and credit) and women's decision-making power within households on poverty reduction and productivity at the individual and household level. The paper also summarizes evidence from studies examining the relationship between gender equality and poverty reduction and growth at the macro level. Although micro level effects of gender equality on individual productivity and human development outcomes have been well documented and have important ramifications for aggregate economic performance, establishing an empirical relationship between gender equality and poverty reduction and growth at the macro level has proven to be more challenging. The paper concludes by identifying priority areas for future research.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO CREDITACCESS TO INFORMATIONACCESS TO MARKETSACCESS TO RESOURCESAGRARIAN REFORMSAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIESAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIESAGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGYALLOCATION OF RESOURCESASSET OWNERSHIPBARRIER TO WOMENBARRIERS TO WOMENBIASESBLACK WOMENBORROWINGCAPITAL REQUIREMENTSCASH CROPCASH CROPSCHILD CARECHILD DEVELOPMENTCHILD HEALTHCHILD SUPPORTCHILD SURVIVALCOLLATERALCOLLATERAL REQUIREMENTCONSENSUAL UNIONSCONTROL OVER RESOURCESCOUNTRY OF ORIGINCREDIT ASSOCIATIONSCREDIT CONSTRAINTCREDIT CONSTRAINTSCREDIT LIMITCREDIT LIMITSCREDIT LINESCREDIT MARKETCREDIT MARKETSCREDIT PROGRAMSCULTURAL NORMSDEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICSDENIAL RATEDEPENDENCY RATIODEPENDENCY RATIOSDETERMINANTS OF GROWTHDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMENDIVERSIFICATIONDIVORCEEARNINGSECONOMIC ACTIVITIESECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHEDUCATED MENEDUCATED MOTHERSEDUCATED WOMENEDUCATION OF GIRLSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL LEVELSEFFECTS OF GENDERELDERLYELDERLY WOMENELIGIBILITY CRITERIAEMPLOYERSEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPOWERMENTEMPOWERMENT OF WOMENENDOWMENTSENROLLMENTEXPENDITUREEXPENDITURESEXPORT CROPSFAMILY INCOMEFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY RESPONSIBILITIESFAMILY SIZEFAMILY WELFAREFARMERFARMERSFEMALEFEMALE BORROWERSFEMALE EDUCATIONFEMALE LABOR FORCEFERTILITYFERTILITY BEHAVIORFERTILITY RATESFEWER CHILDRENFORMS OF COLLATERALFUTURE GENERATIONSGENDERGENDER DIFFERENCESGENDER DISCRIMINATIONGENDER DISPARITIESGENDER EQUALITYGENDER INEQUALITIESGENDER INEQUALITYGENDER NORMSGENDER STATUSGREEN REVOLUTIONGROSS NATIONAL PRODUCTGROUP LENDINGHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INCOMESHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD POVERTYHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSEHOLD WELFAREHOUSEHOLDSHOUSING LOANHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUSBANDHUSBANDSILLITERACYILLNESSIMPACT ON CHILDRENIMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIESINDIVIDUAL CHOICESINDIVIDUAL RIGHTSINHERITANCEINHERITANCE RIGHTSINSECURE PROPERTYINTERNATIONAL BANKJOINT LIABILITYLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKETSLABOR SUPPLYLACK OF CREDITLAND MARKETLAND OWNERSHIPLAND RIGHTSLAND TENURELAWSLENDERSLEVELS OF CONSUMPTIONLIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIESLOANLOAN AMOUNTSLOAN APPLICATIONLOAN APPLICATIONSLOAN DENIALLOAN ELIGIBILITYLOAN REPAYMENTLOANS TO WOMENLOW BIRTH WEIGHTLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMALE PARTICIPATIONMARRIED COUPLESMARRIED WOMENMATERNAL HEALTHMEATMICROCREDITMIGRANTMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALMORAL HAZARDMOTHERNATURAL RESOURCESNUMBER OF CHILDRENNUTRITIONNUTRITIONAL STATUSOLD AGEOLD-AGEOLDER ADULTSOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMENOWNERSHIP OF LANDPENSIONPENSIONSPESTICIDESPHYSICAL ASSETSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR WOMENPOVERTY REDUCTIONPREGNANCYPRIMARY SCHOOLPROGRESSPROPERTY RIGHTSPROVISION OF CREDITPROVISION OF INFORMATIONRECEIPTRECREATIONREMITTANCESREPAYMENT RATESRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESPECTROLE OF GENDERRURAL AREASSAVINGSSCHOOL ATTENDANCESELF-EMPLOYMENTSEXSEX RATIOSSMALL BUSINESSSMALL LOANSSOCIAL CONSEQUENCESSOCIAL EMPOWERMENTSOCIAL NETWORKSSOCIAL NORMSSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIOECONOMIC FACTORSSOURCES OF CREDITSPOUSESPOUSESSTART-UPSUBSISTENCE FARMINGSUPPORT TO PARENTSTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONSTRANSACTION COSTSUNEMPLOYMENTUNIONSURBAN SQUATTERSURBAN WOMENVILLAGEWIFEWILLWIVESWOMANWOMEN IN LABORWORK EXPERIENCEWORKING CAPITALYOUNG CHILDRENYOUNG GIRLSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4349