World Bank2017-06-132017-06-132012-02https://hdl.handle.net/10986/27117There is global interest in promoting mitigation and adaptation in agriculture, forest, and other land-use (AFOLU) sectors to address the twin goals of climate change and sustainable development. This guideline deals with how to enhance carbon stocks in general in all land-based projects and its specific relationship with agriculture productivity. It outlines specific steps and procedures that need to be followed by project proponents and managers of land-based projects to enhance carbon stocks synergistically with increasing crop productivity. This guideline for carbon stock enhancement or CO2 emission reduction in agriculture and natural resource management (NRM) projects covering all land-use sectors presents two approaches. The first approach is a generic one covering all the land categories and interventions aimed at promoting the economic benefits (crop, timber, and non-timber wood product production, and employment or livelihood generation) and environmental benefits (soil and water conservation, land reclamation, and biodiversity protection) of a project, synergistically optimizing carbon stock enhancement as a co-benefit. The second approach provides guidelines for project developers to maximize project C-benefits along with promoting high-value cropping systems and production practices appropriate for a given agro-ecological region as well as to meet the needs of the local stakeholders, such as farmers or landless laborers. An illustration of the two approaches is presented at the end of the executive summary. The guidelines provide methods for selection and incorporation of carbon stock enhancement modules and practices along with methods for estimation and monitoring of carbon stock changes as well as assessment of social and economic implications of carbon enhancement (C-enhancement) interventions.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABATEMENTADAPTATION FUNDADVERSE EFFECTSAFFORESTATIONAGRICULTURAL LANDSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL SOILSAGRICULTUREATMOSPHEREBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATIONBIODIVERSITY PROTECTIONBIOENERGYBIOGASBIOMASSBIOMASS CARBONBIOMASS CONVERSIONBIOMASS PRODUCTIONCALCULATIONCARBONCARBON BALANCECARBON BENEFITSCARBON DENSITYCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON IMPACTSCARBON IN BIOMASSCARBON INVENTORYCARBON MEASUREMENTCARBON MITIGATIONCARBON MONITORINGCARBON NEUTRALCARBON PAYMENTSCARBON POOLCARBON POOLSCARBON PRICECARBON SEQUESTRATIONCARBON SINKCARBON SINKSCARBON STOCKCARBON STOCK CHANGESCARBON STOCKSCARBON TRADINGCH4CLEAN DEVELOPMENTCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCOCO2COASTAL ZONESCOLORSCONSERVATION MEASURESCONSERVATION PROJECTSCONSTRUCTIONCROP PRODUCTIONCROP RESIDUECROP RESIDUESCROPLANDCROPLAND MANAGEMENTCROPPING SYSTEMSCROPSDAMSDEFORESTATION RATESDEGRADED LANDDEGRADED LANDSDESERTIFICATIONDESERTSDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDRAINAGEDROUGHTECONOMIC BENEFITSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECOSYSTEMECOSYSTEMSEMISSIONEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSIONSEMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATIONEMISSIONS FROM FERTILIZER PRODUCTIONEMISSIONS FROM LAND-USE CHANGEEMISSIONS FROM SOURCESEMISSIONS REDUCTIONENERGY CROPSENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGESENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATIONENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONSENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTSEROSIONEROSION CONTROLESTIMATES OF CARBONFARM PONDSFARMSFERTILIZATIONFERTILIZERSFIELD WORKFIRE MANAGEMENTFISHINGFLOOD PROTECTIONFOOD PRODUCTIONFORESTFOREST AREAFOREST BIODIVERSITYFOREST CARBONFOREST CARBON SEQUESTRATIONFOREST CONSERVATIONFOREST DEGRADATIONFOREST LANDFOREST MANAGEMENTFOREST PLANTATIONFOREST PRODUCTIONFOREST REGENERATIONFOREST SECTORFOREST SINKSFORESTRYFORESTRY PROJECTSFORESTRY SECTORFORESTSFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUEL POWERFOSSIL FUELSFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEFRUITFUEL REQUIREMENTSFUEL SUBSTITUTIONFUELSGHGGLOBAL EMISSIONSGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTGLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITYGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACILITYGLOBAL FORESTGLOBAL INTERESTGLOBAL WARMINGGRASSESGRASSLANDSGRAZING LAND MANAGEMENTGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONGREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIESGREENHOUSE GASESGROUND BIOMASSGROUNDWATERGROUNDWATER RECHARGEHYDROLOGYINCOMEIPCCLAND DEGRADATIONLAND MANAGEMENTLAND RECLAMATIONLAND USELOW-CARBONMANUREMITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGEMITIGATION POTENTIALMMAMULCHN2ONATURAL ECOSYSTEMSNATURAL RESOURCESNUTRIENTSORGANIC CARBONORGANIC MATTERORGANIC SOILSPASTURESPEATPLANTATIONSPOWER GENERATIONRAINRAINWATERRANGESRATE OF DEFORESTATIONRECYCLINGREDUCED CO2REDUCING EMISSIONSREDUCTION IN CARBONRESOURCE CONSERVATIONRESOURCE MANAGEMENTRESTORATIONRISK MANAGEMENTRIVERRUNOFFSAMPLE PLOTSSAMPLE SIZESAMPLING DESIGNSILVICULTURESOIL CARBONSOILSSPECIESSTRATIFICATIONSTREAMSTREAMSSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE FORESTSUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENTSUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENTTIMBERTOPOGRAPHYTROPICAL DEFORESTATIONTROPICAL FORESTSTROPICSUNEPVEGETATIONWASTEWATERSHEDWATERSHED DEVELOPMENTWATERSHEDSWETLANDWETLAND CONSERVATIONWETLANDSWOOD PRODUCTSHandbookWorld Bank10.1596/27117