Emran, M. ShaheShilpi, Forhad2012-06-292012-06-292012-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/9362India experienced sustained economic growth for more than two decades following the economic liberalization in 1991. While economic growth reduced poverty significantly, it was associated with an increase in inequality. Does this increase in inequality reflect deep-seated inequality of opportunity or efficient incentive structure in a market oriented economy? This paper provides evidence on economic mobility in post-reform India by focusing on the educational attainment of children. It uses two related measures of immobility: sibling and intergenerational correlations. The paper analyzes the trends in and patterns of educational mobility from 1992/93 to 2006, with a special emphasis on the roles played by gender and geography. The evidence shows that family background plays a strong role; the estimated sibling correlation in India in 2006 is higher than the available estimates for Latin American countries. There is a persistent gender gap in rural and less-developed areas. The only group that experienced substantial improvements is women in urban and developed areas, with the lower caste women benefiting the most. Almost 70 percent of the variance in children's education can be accounted for by parental education and geographic location. The authors provide possible explanations for the apparently puzzling improvements for urban women in a country with strong son preference.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO EDUCATIONACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATIONADULTSAGE AT MARRIAGEAGE COHORTAGE GROUPSAGRICULTUREAVERAGE LEVEL OF EDUCATIONBIRTH ORDERCHILD CARECHILD EDUCATIONCHILD REARINGCHILDHOODCHILDREN PER FAMILYCULTURAL CHANGEDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT POLICYDOMESTIC VIOLENCEECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INEQUALITYECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESECONOMIC OPPORTUNITYECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIC STATUSECONOMICSEDUCATED WOMENEDUCATION OF CHILDRENEDUCATION VARIABLESEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIESEDUCATIONAL OUTCOMESEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITYFAMILY BACKGROUNDFAMILY COMPOSITIONFAMILY ENVIRONMENTFAMILY HEALTHFAMILY SIZEFAMILY STRUCTUREFAMILY WELFAREFARMERSFEEDFIRST MARRIAGEGAP BETWEEN BOYSGENDER BIASGENDER DIFFERENCESGENDER GAPGENDER GAP IN EDUCATIONGENDER GAPSGENERATIONSGENETICSGIRLSHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN CAPITALIDEASINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINCOME INEQUALITYINCOMESINDIVIDUAL MEMBERSINHERITANCEINVESTMENT IN CHILDRENINVESTMENT IN EDUCATIONKIDSLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLARGE CITIESLEARNINGLEARNING OUTCOMESLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLITERACYLIVING STANDARDSLOW INCOMEMARKET INTERACTIONSMARRIED MENMARRIED WOMENMINISTRY OF HEALTHMOTHERMOTHERSNEW ENTRANTSOLD AGEPARENTAL INVOLVEMENTPARENTAL SKILLSPARENTSPLACE OF RESIDENCEPOLICY DISCUSSIONSPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOLITICAL INSTABILITYPOOR FAMILIESPOPULATION CENSUSPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOLINGPRIMARY SCHOOLSPRIVATE SCHOOLINGPRIVATE SCHOOLSPRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLSPRIVATE SECTORPROGRESSPUBLIC SCHOOLSQUALITY EDUCATIONREMITTANCESRESPECTRETURNS TO EDUCATIONRICHER COUNTRIESROLE MODELSROLE OF GENDERRURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL WOMENSCHOOL QUALITYSECONDARY SCHOOLSECONDARY SCHOOLINGSECONDARY SCHOOLSSOCIAL GROUPSSOCIAL MOBILITYSOCIAL NORMSSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL RESEARCHSOCIETYSOCIOECONOMIC STATUSSOCIOLOGYSON PREFERENCESPOUSETERTIARY EDUCATIONTUITIONUNIVERSAL ACCESSUNIVERSAL ENROLLMENTURBAN AREASURBAN WOMENYOUNG ADULTYOUNG WOMENWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6055