Rocha, SoniaLopez-Calva, Luis F.2013-03-212013-03-212012https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12808After decades of persistent disparities, inequality in Brazil has fallen steadily over the last fifteen years. This robust rate of decline has surpassed the pace of the Latin American region as a whole, and is taking place as inequality rises in several rapid-growth emerging economies in other regions. This document examines the recent trend in income inequality in Brazil, its key policy drivers and some of the challenges ahead. It aims at capturing some of the lessons behind Brazil?s experience to share with other economies in the region and beyond.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO SERVICESACCOUNTINGADVERSE IMPACTADVISERSANNUAL CHANGEANNUAL GROWTHAVERAGE CHANGEAVERAGE INCOMEAVERAGE INCOMESCAPITAL GAINSCASH TRANSFER PROGRAMSCASH TRANSFERSCLERKSCOLCONCENTRATION COEFFICIENTSCOUNTERFACTUALDECLINING INEQUALITYDECREASING INEQUALITYDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGESDEMOGRAPHIC FACTORSDEVELOPMENT OUTCOMESDIFFERENCES IN INCOMEDISTRIBUTION OF INCOMEDRIVERSEARNINGECONOMIC CONDITIONSECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIC REFORMSEMPIRICAL EVIDENCEEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT OF WOMENEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTIONEQUITABLE INCOME DISTRIBUTIONEXTREME POVERTYFAMILY INCOMEFAMILY INCOMESFINANCIAL CRISISGDPGINI COEFFICIENTGINI COEFFICIENTSGINI INDEXGRADUAL INCREASEGROWTH COMPONENTGROWTH RATEGROWTH RATESHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INCOMESHOUSEHOLD PER CAPITA INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTILLITERACYIMPACT ON POVERTYINCOMEINCOME COUNTRIESINCOME DIFFERENTIALSINCOME DISPARITIESINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME GAINSINCOME GROUPINCOME GROUPSINCOME GROWTHINCOME INEQUALITIESINCOME INEQUALITYINCOME LEVELSINCOME SHAREINCOME TAXINCOME VARIABLESINCOMESINCREASING SHAREINEQUALITY INDEXINEQUALITY LEVELSINEQUALITY REDUCTIONINTERNATIONAL COMPARISONSINTERVENTIONSLABOR FORCELABOR INCOMELABOR INCOMESLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET POLICIESLABOR MARKET SEGMENTATIONMACRO POLICYMACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTMACROECONOMIC INSTABILITYMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMACROECONOMICSMATHEMATICSMEAN INCOMEMIDDLE INCOMEMINIMUM LEVELMINIMUM WAGENEGATIVE IMPACTNUTRITIONOBSERVED CHANGESOCCUPATIONSPENSIONSPER CAPITA INCOMESPERSONAL INCOMEPOLICY OBJECTIVEPOLICY OPTIONSPOLICY REFORMSPOLITICAL INSTABILITYPOLITICAL SCIENTISTSPOORPOOR CHILDRENPOOR FAMILIESPOOR GROWTHPOSITIVE EFFECTPOSITIVE IMPACTPOVERTY CHANGESPOVERTY GAPPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY REDUCINGPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRODUCTIVITYPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC TRANSFERSREDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTSREDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACTREDUCING INEQUALITYREGIONAL DIFFERENCESRELATIVE IMPORTANCERENTSRETIREMENTRISING INEQUALITYRURALRURAL AREARURAL AREASRURAL BENEFICIARIESRURAL INEQUALITYRURAL WORKERSSALARIESSALARYSANITATIONSECTOR EMPLOYEESSERVANTSSIGNALING EFFECTSIGNIFICANCE LEVELSIGNIFICANT IMPACTSKILLED LABORSKILLED WORKERSSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL POLICIESSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL PROGRAMSSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SECURITY PROGRAMSSOCIAL TRANSFERSSTRUCTURAL REFORMSTARGETED TRANSFERSTARGETINGUNPAID WORKERSUNSKILLED LABORWAGE DIFFERENTIALSWAGE DISTRIBUTIONWAGE INCREASESWAGE POLICYWAGESWELL-BEINGWELLBEINGWorld Bank10.1596/12808