O'Connell, Stephen D.Ghani, Ejaz2014-08-152014-08-152014-07https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19352Several high-level reports have raised the concern that low-income countries, especially in Africa, are experiencing premature de-industrialization. The concern is that they are growing without transforming. Have the latecomers to development missed the boat? Although these concerns are well placed, Africa's growth seems to be benefitting from a structural transformation of a different kind. The manufacturing sector as a share of gross domestic product has shrunk, but countries have benefitted from the third industrial revolution with globalization of services being at the forefront of this technological revolution. As services produced and traded across the world expand with globalization, the possibilities for low-income countries to develop based on their comparative advantage expand. That comparative advantage can just as easily be in services as in manufacturing. Comparative advantage need not be a one-trick pony.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO TECHNOLOGYACCOUNTINGAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAGRICULTURAL SECTORAGRICULTUREANNUAL GROWTHANNUAL GROWTH RATEAUTOMATIONBACKBONEBEST PRACTICESBLOGBUSINESS ENTRYBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTBUSINESS REGISTRATIONBUSINESSESBUYERBUYERSCAPABILITIESCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPARATOR COUNTRIESCOMPETITIVENESSCONNECTIVITYCONSUMERSCOUNTRY SPECIFICCRISESCURRENT EXPENDITURESCUSTOMSDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING REGIONSDEVELOPING WORLDDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT INDICATORSDEVELOPMENT POLICYDEVELOPMENT STRATEGYDIVERSIFICATIONECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC LITERATUREECONOMIC OUTLOOKECONOMIC RESEARCHECONOMIES OF SCALEEDUCATED WORKERSELASTICITYELECTRICITYEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT CREATIONEMPLOYMENT PATTERNSENTREPRENEURSHIPEXPORTSEXTERNALITIESEXTREME POVERTYFACTORINGFEMALE LABORFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL PRODUCTSFINANCIAL SERVICESFISCAL DEFICITSFISCAL POLICYFOREIGN INVESTMENTGDPGDP PER CAPITAGLOBAL ECONOMYGLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINSGLOBALIZATIONGOVERNMENT POLICYGROWTH EPISODEGROWTH LITERATUREGROWTH MODELGROWTH PROSPECTSGROWTH RATEGROWTH RATESGROWTH STRATEGYHEALTH CAREHIGH GROWTHHIGH INCOME COUNTRIESIMPROVING PRODUCTIVITYINCOMEINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTINDUSTRIAL POLICYINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONINDUSTRIAL SECTORINDUSTRIALIZATIONINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONINNOVATIONSINSTITUTIONINSURANCEINTERNATIONAL TRADEJOB CREATIONLABOR ECONOMICSLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLABOR SUPPLYLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMACROECONOMICSMANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING INDUSTRYMARKET FAILURESMARKET SHAREMARKETINGMETROPOLITAN AREASMIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIESNATIONAL ACCOUNTSNATURAL RESOURCESNEW ENTRANTSNEW TECHNOLOGIESOPEN ACCESSOUTSOURCINGPER CAPITA INCOMESPERSONAL COMPUTERPHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTUREPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOVERTY DECLINEPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENTPRODUCT INNOVATIONPRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPRODUCTIVITY INCREASESPUBLIC SERVICESREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTRENTSRESULTRICH COUNTRIESSAFETYSAVINGSSTRUCTURAL CHANGESTRUCTURAL POLICIESSUPPLIERSSUPPLY CHAINSUPPLY CHAINSTECHNICAL SKILLSTECHNICAL STANDARDSTECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESSTECHNOLOGY FRONTIERTELECOMMUNICATIONTRADE DATABASETRADE NEGOTIATIONSTRADE OUTCOMETRADE OUTCOMESTRADE POLICYTRANSPORTUNSKILLED LABORURBAN AREASURBANIZATIONVALUE ADDEDVALUE CHAINVALUE CHAINSWAGE STRUCTUREWAGESWEB10.1596/1813-9450-6971