Kojima, Masami2014-05-222014-05-222009-02https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18401This paper presents retail prices of the petroleum products in August 2008 in up to 56 countries, and examines the degree of pass through to consumers of increases in world gasoline and diesel prices since January 2004 in 48 countries. This is the second paper in a series summarizing work undertaken to assess the implications of higher oil prices on fuel use, the downstream petroleum sector, and household fuel consumption in the developing world. It follows a recent publication on a decomposition analysis of vulnerability to oil price increases, where vulnerability is defined as the percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) spent on net imports of crude oil and petroleum products (Bacon and Kojima 2008). This paper focuses on the extent to which international petroleum product price increases have been passed on to consumers.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOADVERSE EFFECTSAPPROACHAUTOMOTIVE DIESELAVERAGE PRICESBARRELBLACK MARKETBUSESCOMMERCIAL ENERGYCOMMODITYCOMMODITY PRICECONTINGENT LIABILITIESCONVENTIONAL GASOLINECOST OF TRANSPORTCRUDE OILCRUDE OIL PRICECRUDE OIL PRICESCURRENCYCURRENCY UNITSDEBTSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDIESELDOMESTIC MARKETDOMESTIC PRICEDOMESTIC PRICESECONOMIES OF SCALEELECTRIC POWERELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATIONETHANOLEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONSEXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTSEXCHANGE RATESEXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIESEXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES TRANSPARENCY INITIATIVEFINANCE CORPORATIONFOOD PRICEFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTSFUELFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL PRICEFUEL PRICE INCREASESFUEL PRICESFUEL QUALITYFUEL SHORTAGESFUEL SPECIFICATIONSFUEL SUBSIDIESFUEL TAXFUEL TAXATIONFUEL USEFUELSGASGAS FLARINGGAS FLARING REDUCTIONGASOLINEGASOLINE PRICEGASOLINE PRICE INCREASESGASOLINE PRICESGOOD GOVERNANCEGOVERNANCE PRACTICESGOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHIGHER OIL PRICESHOUSEHOLD FUELINCOMEINDUSTRIAL COUNTRIESINFLATIONINTERNATIONAL FINANCEINTERNATIONAL MARKETINVENTORYKEROSENELIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASLNGLOCAL CURRENCYLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESLOW-SULFURMARKET PRICESMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIESMOTOR FUELNATIONAL OILNATIONAL OIL COMPANIESNATURAL RESOURCESNET OILOILOIL COMPANIESOIL EXPORTERSOIL IMPORTERSOIL PRICEOIL PRICESOIL SECTOROIL-IMPORTING COUNTRIESPETROLEUMPETROLEUM GASPETROLEUM PRODUCT PRICESPETROLEUM PRODUCTSPETROLEUM SECTORPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOWERPOWER OUTAGESPOWER PARITYPOWER PRODUCERSPOWER SHORTAGESPRICE ADJUSTMENTSPRICE CEILINGSPRICE DECREASEPRICE INCREASEPRICE LEVELPRICE LEVELSPRICE MOVEMENTSPRICE OF DIESELPRICE SUBSIDIESPRICE SUBSIDYPRICE TRENDSPRICE VOLATILITYPRICE­SETTINGPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR GROWTHPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPURCHASINGPURCHASING POWERREFININGREGRESSION ANALYSISREGULAR GASOLINERETAILRETAIL PRICERETAIL PRICESRETAILINGROUTESALESSPOT PRICESSUBSTITUTESSULFUR REMOVALSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTAXISTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETRANSPARENCYTRANSPORT OPERATORSTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION COSTSTURNOVERWORLD MARKETWORLD OIL PRICES10.1596/18401