Aber, LawrenceRawlings, Laura B.2017-06-272017-06-272011-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/27343Over the last decade, Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs have become one of the most widely adopted anti-poverty initiatives in the developing world. Inspired particularly by Mexico's successful program, CCTs are viewed as an effective way to provide basic income support while building children's human capital. These programs have had a remarkable global expansion, from a handful programs in the late 1990s to programs in close to 30 countries today, including a demonstration program in the United States. In contrast to many other safety net programs in developing countries, CCTs have been closely studied and well evaluated, creating both a strong evidence base from which to inform policy decisions and an active global community of practice. This paper first reviews the emergence of CCTs in the context of a key theme in welfare reform, notably using incentives to promote human capital development, going beyond the traditional focus on income support. The paper then examines what has been learned to date from the experience with CCTs in the South and raises a series of questions concerning the relevance and replicability of these lessons in other contexts. The paper concludes with a call for further knowledge sharing in two areas: between the North and South as the experience with welfare reform and CCTs in particular expands, and between behavioral science and welfare policy.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTINGADEQUATE NUTRITIONADOPTIONANTI-POVERTYASSISTANCE PROGRAMSASSISTANCE TO FAMILIESASYLUMASYLUM SEEKERSATTENDANCE RATESBABYBEHAVIORAL SCIENCESBENEFICIARYCASH PAYMENTSCASH TRANSFERCASH TRANSFER PROGRAMSCASH TRANSFERSCHILD LABORCITIZENSCLASSICAL ECONOMICSCONDITIONAL CASHCONDITIONAL TRANSFERSCONTRACTINGCOST-EFFECTIVENESSCROWDING OUTCYCLE OF POVERTYDECISION MAKINGDEPENDENT CHILDRENDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONSDEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVESDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGYDIETSDISABILITYDISPLACEMENTDROPOUTECONOMIC COSTSECONOMIC EXPLOITATIONECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMICSEDUCATION PROGRAMSEDUCATION SUBSIDIESEFFECTSEFFICIENCYEMPLOYMENT PROGRAMSEQUITYEXTERNALITIESEXTREME POVERTYFAMILY HEALTHFAMILY TRANSFERFINANCEFUTURE EARNINGSGENERAL EQUILIBRIUMGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF POVERTYGLOBAL DEVELOPMENTGLOBAL POLICYGOVERNMENT AGENCIESGOVERNMENT PROGRAMSHEALTH CAREHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH WORKERSHIGH INEQUALITYHOSPITALHOUSEHOLD TRANSFERSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENTHUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENTSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN TRAFFICKINGIMMIGRATIONIMMIGRATION POLICIESIMPLEMENTATIONINCENTIVESINCOMEINCOME INEQUALITYINCOME POVERTYINCOME REDISTRIBUTIONINCOME SUPPORTINCOME TRANSFERINCOME TRANSFERSINEQUALITYINNOVATIONINNOVATIONSINSURANCE POLICIESINTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICYINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTEINTERNATIONAL LAWINTERNATIONAL MIGRANTSINTRINSIC MOTIVATIONINVENTORYINVESTMENTISOLATIONJOB TRAININGKNOWLEDGELABOR ECONOMICSLABOR LAWSLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET ISSUESLABOR MARKET POLICYLABOR MARKET PROGRAMSLABOR SUPPLYLACK OF INFORMATIONLEVELS OF CONSUMPTIONMARKET FAILURESMARKETINGMEANS TESTINGMEASURESMEDICAIDMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMONITORINGNATIONAL GOVERNMENTNATIONAL POVERTYNEEDY FAMILIESNUTRITIONNUTRITION PROGRAMNUTRITIONAL PROGRAMSNUTRITIONAL STATUSOPPORTUNITY COSTSORGANIZATIONSPENSIONPENSIONSPOCKET EXPENDITURESPOLICY DECISIONSPOLICY DEVELOPMENTSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOORPOOR ADULTSPOOR COUNTRIESPOOR FAMILIESPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR INDIVIDUALSPOOR PEOPLEPOPULATIONPOPULATIONSPOVERTYPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY INITIATIVESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY RELIEFPRACTITIONERSPRIVATE TRANSFERSPRODUCTIVITYPROGRAM DESIGNSPROGRESSPROVISION OF ASSISTANCEPSYCHOLOGYPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC PROVISIONPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC WORKSPUBLICATIONSREFUGEESRESPECTRIGHTSRISKRISK MANAGEMENTRURALRURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL POORRURAL POVERTYSAFETYSAFETY NETSAFETY NET PROGRAMSSAFETY NET TRANSFERSSAFETY NETSSAVINGSSAVINGS ACCOUNTSSCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL ENROLLMENTSCHOOL ENROLLMENTSSCHOOL SUBSIDIESSCHOOL SUBSIDYSELF-SUFFICIENCYSERVICE PROVISIONSEVERANCE PAYSKILLS DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL INSURANCE PROGRAMSSOCIAL POLICIESSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL PROGRAMSSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SAFETY NETSOCIAL SECTORSOCIAL SECTORSSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL TRANSFERSSTANDARDSSTRATEGYSUPPORT TO BENEFICIARIESSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTARGETED SOCIAL PROGRAMSTARGETED TRANSFERSTARGETINGTAX CREDITSTEMPORARY ASSISTANCETHEORYTRANSFER OF CASHTRANSFER PROGRAMTRANSPORTATIONUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCEUNINSURED RISKSURBAN AREASVALUEVOCATIONAL EDUCATIONVULNERABLE GROUPSWELFAREWELFARE POLICYWELFARE REFORMWOMENWORK REQUIREMENTSWORKSHOPWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/27343