Estache, AntonioRomero, ManuelStrong, John2015-02-052015-02-052000-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/21408Road transport has long been the dominant form of transport for freight and passenger movement throughout the world. Because most road projects require investments with long amortization periods and because many projects do not generate enough demand to become self-financing through some type of user fee or toll, the road sector remains in the hands of the public sector to a much greater extent than other transport activities. But governments throughout the world, including those of many poor African and South Asian countries, are commercializing their operations to cut costs, improve user orientation, and increase sector-specific revenue. There seems to be demand for toll roads in specific settings, but the problems met by many of this "first generation" of road concessions-from Mexico to Thailand-have given toll projects a bad reputation. Many mistakes were made, and tolling is obviously not the best solution for every road. Most of the alternatives aim at improving efficiency (lowering costs). But there are many ways of getting the private sector involved in toll roads, thus reducing public sector financing requirements for the sector. Understanding the context in which toll roads are viable is essential both for their initial success and for effective long-run regulation. The authors provide a broad overview of issues at stake from the viewpoint of both privatization teams and regulators responsible for supervising contractual commitments of private operators and the government, to each other and to users.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOaccess roadsaccidentaccident ratesairportsarterial roadsAsian Toll Road DevelopmentAsian Toll Road Development Programaverage daily trafficblack market in toll receiptsBridgebridgesbuscommercializationconcession processconcession programconcessionaireconcessionairescongestioncongestion relieversConstructionConstructionconstruction companyconstruction workcorridordaily trafficdebtdecline in private toll roadsdevelopment roadsdistrict roadsdomestic passengereconomic growthexperience with toll roadsexportexpresswaysfeeder networkFinancing of Roadsfloodingfreewaysfreightfreight movementsgasoline taxheavy trafficheavy traffic demandhigh traffichighwayhighway safetyhighwaysincomeinterchangesinterest costskilometers of toll roadsland acquisitionlighting columnslocal authoritiesmacroeconomic conditionsmaintenancemotor vehiclesmotorwaysmunicipalitiesNational Expressway Networknational governmentsnational road networknational roadsnew toll roadnumber of lanesnumber of vehiclesoperation and maintenanceoptions for toll roadsparallel roadspassengerpassenger car unitpassenger movementpavementpavingpcupeak periodsPiersprivate operatorsprivate participationprivate roadsprivate sectorprivate sector concessionsprivate sector participationprivate toll financingprivate toll roadsprovision of toll roadspublic involvementpublic sectorpublic toll financingpublic toll roadspublic worksrailwaysrangeremoterevenue streamrisk managementroad accidentsroad capacityroad concessionsroad constructionroad designRoad Financingroad improvementsroad infrastructureroad investmentroad investmentsroad maintenanceroad networkroad networksroad sectorRoad Systemroad systemsroad trafficRoad transportroad usersrouteroutessafetysafety regulationsignsspeedstructurestoll collectiontoll evasionToll financingtoll freetoll revenuetoll revenue poolingtoll revenue pooling systemtoll revenuestoll roadtoll road concessiontoll road developmenttoll road programtoll road projectstoll road systemtoll roadstoll systemstollingtollstraffictraffic forecasttraffic forecaststraffic growthtraffic levelstraffic predictionstraffic volumetraffic volumestransfer concessionstransition economiestransportationtravel timetripstruckingtruckstunnelsurban expresswaysurban roadsurban routesurbanizationvehicle operating costsvehiclestoll roads & highwaysprivate financinggovernment regulationcost effectivenessservice deliveryfinancial forecastpayment of chargesrisk managementpolitical risk analysisregulatory structuredispute resolutionmarket competitionperformance indicatorsinformation requirements10.1596/1813-9450-2387