Figueres, ChristianaPhilips, Michael2014-04-172014-04-172007-12https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17914Improving energy efficiency (EE) is one of the most promising approaches for achieving cost-effective global greenhouse gases (GHG) reductions. However, it is severely underrepresented in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) portfolio. Just 10 percent of the emission reduction credits traded in the carbon market is from EE projects. In particular, small, dispersed, end-use EE measures-which entail significant GHG mitigation potential, along with other clear, local, and direct sustainable development benefits-have been largely bypassed by the carbon market. The modalities of traditional CDM have been set for individual, stand-alone, emission reduction projects that are implemented at a single point in time. While CDM rules allow "bundling" of several of these projects together for registration purposes, the specific sites where they will occur must be known ex-ante and they must all occur at the same point in time. These conditions generally cannot be met by most dispersed demand-side EE programs, whose emission reductions occur over a period of time and in numerous locations (households/industries/cities). In addition, participants in energy-efficiency programs may not be known at the outset because the program may depend on gradual take-up of incentives.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABATEMENT POTENTIALAFFORESTATIONAIR CONDITIONERSAPPLIANCE STANDARDSAPPROACHATMOSPHEREAVAILABILITYBASELINE EMISSIONSBIOGASBIOMASSBOILERBOILERSBUILDING CODESCALCULATED EMISSIONCARBONCARBON DIOXIDECARBON FINANCECARBON FUNDCARBON MARKETCEMENTCERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONCFLCH4CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATIONSCO2COALCOMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPSCONCENTRATIONSCONFERENCE OF THE PARTIESDEMAND FOR ENERGYDEMAND FOR ENERGY SERVICESDISTRICT HEATINGEFFICIENCY INVESTMENTSEFFICIENT EQUIPMENTEFFICIENT LAMPSEFFICIENT LIGHTINGELECTRIC UTILITIESELECTRICITYELECTRICITY PRICESELECTRICITY USEEMISSIONEMISSION ABATEMENTEMISSION FACTOREMISSION LEVELSEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS REDUCTIONSEND -USEEND-USEEND-USERSEND-USESENERGY AUDITENERGY BILLENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURESENERGY GENERATIONENERGY INTENSITYENERGY OUTLOOKENERGY PLANNERSENERGY POLICIESENERGY POLICYENERGY PRICEENERGY PRICESENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SECURITYENERGY SERVICEENERGY SERVICE COMPANYENERGY SUPPLYENERGY SYSTEMSENERGY TECHNOLOGYENERGY USAGEENERGY USEENERGY USERSENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYFLUORESCENT LAMPFLUORESCENT LIGHTSFORESTRYFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUEL POWERFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEFUEL MIXFUEL SWITCHINGFUELSGAS DISTRIBUTIONGENERATIONGHGSGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTGLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITYGLOBAL GREENHOUSEGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GASESHEATHFCSHYDRO POWERHYDROPOWERIMPROVEMENTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCYIMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCYINCOMEINTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGEINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYINVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIESIPCCKYOTO PROTOCOLLANDFILLLEVEL OF EMISSIONSMETHANEMITIGATION POTENTIALN2ONATURAL GASPFCSPILOT PROJECTSPIPELINEPOLLUTANTSPOWERPOWER GENERATIONPOWER PLANTPOWER PLANTSPROGRAMSPUBLIC UTILITIESPURCHASESREFINERYREFORESTATIONRENEWABLE ENERGYRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGRESIDENTIAL ENERGYRESTRICTIONSSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTRANSACTION COSTSUNEPUTILITIESUTILITY DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENTVOLTAGEWASTEWINDWIND FARMWORLD ENERGYWORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK10.1596/17914