Lokshin, MichaelRavallion, Martin2013-07-012013-07-012002-06-30https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14291Does "empowerment" come hand-in-hand with higher economic welfare? In theory, higher income is likely to raise both power and welfare, but heterogeneity in other characteristics and household formation can either strengthen or weaken the relationship. Survey data on Russian adults indicate that higher individual and household incomes raise both self-rated power and welfare. The individual income effect is primarily direct, rather than through higher household income. There are diminishing returns to income, though income inequality emerges as only a minor factor reducing either aggregate power or welfare. At given income, the identified covariates have strikingly similar effects on power and welfare. There are some notable differences between men and women in perceived power.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOWELFARE ECONOMICSEMPOWERMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETYINCOME GROWTHHOUSEHOLD INCOMEDATA ANALYSISINDIVIDUAL IN ECONOMICSECONOMIC GROWTHINCOME GENERATIONRETURN TO THE WORKFORCEINCOME INEQUALITIESAGGREGATE VARIABILITYGENDER GAP ADULTSARGUMENTSCONSCIOUSNESSDATA SETDECISION MAKINGDEFLATORSDIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITYDIMINISHING RETURNSDISCRIMINATIONDISPOSABLE INCOMEECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC SURVEYSEMPIRICAL ASSOCIATIONEMPIRICAL MODELSEMPOWERMENTETHNICITYEXPLANATORY VARIABLESFAMILIESFINANCIAL CRISISFUNCTIONAL FORMGENDERHIGH CORRELATIONHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INCOMESHOUSEHOLD MEMBERSHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLDSINCOMEINCOME DIFFERENCESINCOME EFFECTINCOME INEQUALITYINCOME VARIABLESINCREASING FUNCTIONINCREASING RETURNSINDIVIDUAL INCOMESINTRINSIC VALUEMARGINAL UTILITYMARITAL STATUSMIGRATIONNEGATIVE COEFFICIENT0 HYPOTHESISPER CAPITA INCOMEPOLICY OBJECTIVEPOLICY RESEARCHPOLITICAL INSTITUTIONSPOLITICAL PARTICIPATIONPOLITICAL SCIENCEPOSITIVE EFFECTPOSITIVE EFFECTSPOSITIVE RELATIONSHIPPOWERPUBLIC POLICYRATED POWERREDISTRIBUTION POLICYREDUCING POVERTYREGIONAL DIFFERENCESREGIONAL DUMMIESSIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONSIGNIFICANT EFFECTSIGNIFICANT IMPACTSIGNIFICANT NEGATIVESOCIAL PSYCHOLOGYSOCIAL SCIENCESSOCIETIESSOCIETYSOCIOLOGYUNEMPLOYMENTUTILITY FUNCTIONSWAGESWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-2854