Sturgeon, Timothy J.Van Biesebroeck, Johannes2012-03-192012-03-192010-06-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3815This paper applies global value chain analysis to study recent trends in the global automotive industry. The authors pay special attention to the effects of the recent economic crisis on the industry in developing countries. The principal finding is that the crisis has accelerated pre-crisis trends toward greater importance of the industry in the South. More rapid growth of car ownership is the impetus, but the co-location and close interaction of suppliers and lead firms in this industry is an important catalyst. Opportunities to move up in the value chain for suppliers in emerging economies have proliferated and are likely to become even stronger now that an increasing number of new models are developed specifically for markets in developing countries. The co-location of assembly and parts plants in national and regional production systems has largely confined the impact of sales declines during the crisis to each country/region. In addition, the different development strategies followed by countries like Mexico, China, and India are slowly converging as their industries gain size and independence.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTINGAFTERMARKETAGGREGATE DEMANDAGRICULTUREBAILOUTBAILOUTSBANKING SECTORBANKRUPTCIESBANKRUPTCYBENCHMARKINGBIDBRANDBRAND IMAGEBRAND NAMEBRAND NAMESCOMPANYCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGESCOMPETITORSCONSUMERSCORPORATIONCREDIT MARKETSCRISESDEBTDEBTORDECISION MAKINGDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDIVISION OF LABOURDOMESTIC MARKETDOWNSIZINGDRIVERSDURABLEECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GEOGRAPHYECONOMICSECONOMIES OF SCALEEMERGING ECONOMIESEMERGING MARKETEMERGING MARKET COUNTRIESEMERGING MARKETSEMPLOYMENTENTREPRENEURSHIPEQUIPMENTEQUITY STAKESESTABLISHED BRANDSEXPANSIONEXPORTEREXPORTERSEXPORTSFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFIRMSFIXED COSTSFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN INVESTMENTFOREIGN MARKETSFOREIGN PARTNERFREE TRADEGLOBAL MARKETGLOBAL MARKETSGLOBAL TRADEGLOBALIZATIONGOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONGOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONSGOVERNMENT OWNERSHIPGOVERNMENT POLICYHOME MARKETSHUMAN RESOURCESIMPORT QUOTASINCOMEINCOME GROWTHINCOME LEVELSINNOVATIONINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYINTERMEDIATE GOODSINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVENTORIESINVESTMENT RISKSJOB CREATIONJOB LOSSJOINT VENTUREJOINT VENTURE PARTNERJOINT VENTURE PARTNERSJOINT VENTURESLABOR COSTSLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKETSLABOR STATISTICSLABOR UNIONSLACK OF CREDITLAYOFFSLDCSLEASINGLESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIESLIBERALIZATION OF TRADELIQUIDATIONLOANLOAN GUARANTEESLOCAL MARKETLOCAL MARKETSMANUFACTURERMANUFACTURERSMARKET DATAMARKET POTENTIALMARKET PRICESMARKET SEGMENTSMARKET SHAREMARKET SHARESMARKET SIZEMARKETINGMASS MARKETMATURE MARKETSMERGERSMNCMNEMOTIVATIONMULTINATIONALMULTINATIONALSMULTIPLIER EFFECTSNEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTOPERATIONAL INDEPENDENCEORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURESPARTYPENSIONPORTFOLIOPRICE DECLINESPRODUCT DIFFERENTIATIONPRODUCT QUALITYPRODUCTION COSTSPRODUCTION PROCESSPRODUCTIVITYPROTECTIONISMPURCHASINGPURCHASING POWERRECESSIONREGIONAL UNEMPLOYMENTREPAYMENTRETURNSAFETYSAFETY STANDARDSSALESALESSKILLED LABORSTRUCTURAL CHANGESUBSTITUTESUPPLIERSUPPLIERSSUPPLY CHAINSUPPLY CHAINSSUPPLY CONTRACTSSURPLUSTAKEOVERTOP MANAGEMENTTRADE BLOCSTRADE DEFICITTRADINGTRADING SYSTEMUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATESVALUE ADDEDVARIABLE COSTSVEHICLE OWNERSHIPWORKING CAPITALWORKING HOURSWORLD MARKETWORLD MARKETSWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONWTOWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5330