Fujii, TomokiRoland-Holst, David2012-05-252012-05-252008-02https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6405Trade policies can promote aggregate efficiency, but the ensuing structural adjustments generally create both winners and losers. From an incomes perspective, trade liberalization can raise gross domestic product per capita, but rates of emergence from poverty depend on individual household characteristics of economic participation and asset holding. To fully realize the growth potential of trade, while limiting the risk of rising inequality, policies need to better account for microeconomic heterogeneity. One approach to this is geographic targeting that shifts resources to poor areas. This study combines an integrated microsimulation-computable general equilibrium model with small area estimation to evaluate the spatial incidence of Vietnam's accession to the World Trade Organization. Provincial-level poverty reduction after full liberalization was heterogeneous, ranging from 2.2 percent to 14.3 percent. Full liberalization will benefit the poor on a national basis, but the northwestern area of Vietnam is likely to lag behind. Furthermore, poverty can be shown to increase under comparable scenarios.CC BY 3.0 IGOABSOLUTE TERMSADVERSE IMPACTAGGREGATE POVERTYAGRICULTURAL SECTORAGRICULTUREASSET HOLDINGSBILATERAL TRADEBULLETINCHANGES IN POVERTYCIVIL SOCIETYCONSUMER PRICE INDEXCONSUMER PRICESCONSUMPTION POVERTYCOUNTERFACTUALCOVARIANCE MATRIXCROSS COUNTRYCROSS COUNTRY REGRESSIONCULTURAL CHANGEDATA SETSDECOMPOSABLE POVERTYDECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT AGENCYDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT INDICATORSDEVELOPMENT RESEARCHDISAGGREGATED LEVELECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INTEGRATIONECONOMIC LITERATUREECONOMIC POLICYECONOMIC RESEARCHECONOMIC SECTORSECONOMIC SYSTEMSECONOMIC THEORYECONOMIES OF SCALEEMPIRICAL EVIDENCEEMPLOYMENT STATUSEQUATIONSERROR TERMERROR TERMSESTIMATES OF POVERTYESTIMATION RESULTSEXPORT SUBSIDIESEXPORTSEXTERNAL SHOCKSFARM OUTPUTFARMERSFINANCIAL CRISISFOOD POLICYFOOD PRICESFOOD PRODUCTSFOOD SECURITYFREE TRADEGLOBAL ECONOMYGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITAGROWTH POTENTIALGROWTH RATESHEADCOUNT POVERTYHIGH GROWTHHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INCOMESHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSINGIMPACT ON POVERTYIMPERFECT COMPETITIONIMPORT LIBERALIZATIONIMPORT TARIFFSINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME GROWTHINCOME MEASURESINCOME POVERTYINEQUALITYINEQUALITY MEASURESLABOR FORCELABOR SUPPLYLAND HOLDINGSLIVING STANDARDSLONG RUNMACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTMACROECONOMIC POLICIESMACROECONOMIC SHOCKSMACROECONOMICSMEASUREMENT OF POVERTYMEDIUM TERMMIGRATIONNATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL POVERTYNATIONAL POVERTY RATENORMAL DISTRIBUTIONNUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDSPER CAPITA CONSUMPTIONPER CAPITA INCOMEPOINT ESTIMATEPOINT ESTIMATESPOLICY ISSUESPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY REFORMSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOORPOOR AREASPOOR COUNTRIESPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR PEOPLEPOOR PROVINCESPOPULATION CENSUSPOPULATION SHAREPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY ANALYSISPOVERTY CHANGESPOVERTY DYNAMICSPOVERTY ESTIMATESPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY MAPPOVERTY MAPPINGPOVERTY MAPSPOVERTY MEASURESPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY RATESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY STATUSPROGRESSPROPERTY RIGHTSPURCHASING POWERPURCHASING POWER PARITYREAL GDPREAL INCOMEREDUCTION IN POVERTYREFORM POLICIESRESPECTRURALRURAL AREARURAL AREASRURAL POORSEXSPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONSTANDARD DEVIATIONSUBSISTENCETARGETINGTARIFF BARRIERSTAXATIONTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETRADE BALANCETRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE POLICIESTRADE POLICYTRADE REGIMEURBAN AREASURBAN POPULATIONSUSE PER CAPITAVULNERABILITYWAGE EARNERSWAGESWELFARE MEASURESWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONWTOWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4521