Dasgupta, SusmitaMeisner, Craig2014-05-222014-05-222009-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18382Sea-level rise (SLR) due to climate change is a serious global threat: the scientific evidence is now overwhelming. The rate of global sea level rise was faster from 1993 to 2003, about 3.1 mm per year, as compared to the average rate of 1.8 mm per year from 1961 to 2003 (IPCC, 2007); and significantly higher than the average rate of 0.1 to 0.2 mm/yr increase recorded by geological data over the last 3,000 years. Anthropogenic warming and SLR will continue for centuries due to the time scales associated with climate processes and feedbacks, even if greenhouse gas concentrations were to be stabilized. This paper reviews the scientific literature to date on climate change and sea level rise. There appears to be a consensus across studies that global sea level is projected to rise during the 21st century at a greater rate than during the period 1961 to 2003 and unanimous agreement that SLR will not be geographically uniform. Ocean thermal expansion is projected to contribute significantly, and land ice will increasingly lose mass at an accelerated rate. But most controversial are the mass balance loss estimates of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets and what the yet un-quantified dynamic processes will imply in terms of SLR. Recent evidence on the vulnerability of Greenland and west Antarctic ice sheets to climate warming raises the alarming possibility of SLR by one meter or more by the end of the 21st century.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABLATIONAEROSOL EMISSIONSALBEDOALTITUDEAMBIENT CONCENTRATIONSANTARCTIC TEMPERATURESANTARCTICAANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONSARCTIC CLIMATEARCTIC GLACIERSATLANTIC OCEANATMOSPHEREATMOSPHEREOCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATIONATMOSPHERIC CLIMATEATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONSBAYBRIGHTNESSBRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURECALCULATIONCALVINGCARBONCARBON CYCLECARBON DIOXIDECARBON MONOXIDECH4CLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE CONSEQUENCESCLIMATE CHANGE FORECASTSCLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOSCLIMATE DYNAMICSCLIMATE INFORMATIONCLIMATE MODELCLIMATE MODELERSCLIMATE MODELINGCLIMATE MODELLINGCLIMATE MODELSCLIMATE OBSERVATIONSCLIMATE PROJECTIONSCLIMATE RESPONSECLIMATE SIMULATIONSCLIMATE SYSTEMCLIMATE WARMINGCLIMATE-CHANGECLIMATIC INFORMATIONCLIMATIC REGIMESCLIMATOLOGYCLOUD COVERCLOUDSCO2COASTCOASTAL AREASCOASTAL HABITATSCOASTAL PROTECTIONCOASTAL REGIONSCOASTAL ZONECONTINENTAL-SCALE CLIMATECONVERGENCECRYOSPHERECYCLONESDEEP OCEANDRAINAGEDRAINAGE BASINDRAINAGE SYSTEMEARTHEARTHSECONOMIC GROWTHECOSYSTEMSEMISSIONEMISSION SCENARIOSEMISSIONS INTENSITYEMISSIONS SCENARIOSENERGY BALANCEENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCHEROSIONEXTREME CLIMATE CHANGEFRESHWATERFROSTGCMGEODESYGEOGRAPHYGEOLOGICAL DATAGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHGEOPHYSICSGHGGISGLACIAL MELTGLACIER AREAGLACIERSGLACIOLOGYGLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATUREGLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE CHANGEGLOBAL CLIMATEGLOBAL CLIMATE MODELGLOBAL MEAN SURFACE TEMPERATUREGLOBAL MEAN TEMPERATUREGLOBAL SURFACE TEMPERATUREGLOBAL TEMPERATUREGLOBAL TEMPERATURE CHANGEGLOBAL WARMINGGRAVIMETRYGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS CONCENTRATIONSGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GASESGREENHOUSE WARMINGGROUND ICEHEATINGHFCSHUMAN ACTIVITYHYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONSHYDROFLUOROCARBONSHYDROLOGICAL SCIENCESICEICE AGEICE CAPICE CAPSICE CORESICE COVERICE DENSITYICE DISCHARGEICE DYNAMICSICE EXTENTICE FIELDSICE MASSICE MASSESICE SHEETICE SHEET MODELICE SHEETSICE SHELFICE SHELVESICE STREAMICE STREAMSICE THICKNESSICE TYPESICE VELOCITYICE VOLUMEICE-ALBEDO FEEDBACKICE-COREICE-SHEETICEBERGSIMAGESIMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEINTERPOLATIONINUNDATIONIPCCLAKESLAND AREALAND ELEVATIONLAND SURFACELATITUDEMAPPINGMELTINGMETEOROLOGICAL STATIONSMETHANEMICROWAVEMOUNTAIN GLACIERSN2ONITROGENNITROGEN OXIDESNITROUS OXIDENORTHERN CANADANOXOCEAN HEATOCEAN PRODUCTIVITYOCEAN TEMPERATURESOCEANSPERFLUOROCARBONSPERMAFROSTPFCSPLATEAUPOINTPOLAR ICEPOLAR REGIONSPPPRECIPITATIONPRESERVATIONRADARRAINFALLRANGESREGIONAL CLIMATERESERVOIRSSALINITYSALTWATER INTRUSIONSATELLITE DATASATELLITE IMAGERYSATELLITE IMAGESSCIENTIFIC EVIDENCESCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDINGSEASEA ICESEA LEVEL RISESEA WATERSEA-LEVELSEA-LEVEL RISESEASSEASONAL TEMPERATURESEAWATERSEVERE WEATHERSF6SNOWSNOW ACCUMULATIONSNOW COVERSNOW DEPTHSNOW MELTSNOW PACKSNOW WATER EQUIVALENTSNOWFALLSNOWMELTSO2SOUTHERN HEMISPHERESPECIESSPRINGSTORM SURGESTORM SURGESSUBLIMATIONSULFURSULFUR DIOXIDESULFUR HEXAFLUORIDESURFACE AREASURFACE ELEVATIONSURFACE MELTSURFACE PROCESSESSURFACE RUNOFFSURFACE TEMPERATURESURFACE TEMPERATURESSURGE FLOODINGSURGE HEIGHTSURVEY AREATEMPERATURETEMPERATURE CHANGESTEMPERATURE INCREASESTEMPERATURE RISETEMPERATURE SENSITIVITYTEMPERATURE VARIATIONTEMPORAL CHANGESTEMPORAL VARIABILITYTEMPORAL VARIATIONSTRACE GASESTROPICAL CYCLONESVALUE OF CLIMATE SENSITIVITYVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDSWARMER CLIMATEWARMING CLIMATEWATER RUNOFFWATER TEMPERATURESWESTWETLANDWETLAND LOSSWINDWIND SPEEDS10.1596/18382