Levin, Victoria2015-09-142015-09-142015-09-12https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22613A shrinking working-age population will be the Russian Federations biggest demographic challenge in coming decades. With workers increasingly scarce, sustainable future economic development depends on Russias ability to bring into the labor force currently under-utilized groups, such as young mothers and older people, and to maximize the productivity of every worker. This study assesses the projected dynamics of the working-age population and how changes in labor force participation may affect the future workforce. It also assesses the potential contribution of individual factors to either facilitate or deter the participation of older Russians in the labor force. A review of disincentives for labor force participation in current social insurance programs and labor institutions is followed by policy proposals to help prolong the working lives of older adults.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOJOBSEMPLOYMENTRISKSHOUSEHOLD SURVEYEMPLOYMENT RATEPEOPLECURRENT LABOR FORCESTROKERETIREMENTINFORMAL SECTORTRAINING PROVIDERSYOUTH EMPLOYMENTMINIMUM WAGEPRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENTPART-TIME EMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT EFFECTSADULT TRAININGAGE GROUPLABOR FORCEPART- TIME EMPLOYMENTPUBLIC EMPLOYMENTHEALTH CAREJOBAVERAGE EARNINGHEALTHDEPRESSIONSERVANTSUNEMPLOYED PERSONHIGH BLOOD PRESSUREEMPLOYMENT RATESINCOME SUPPORTLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONHYPERTENSIONLABOR MARKET POLICIESEARLY RETIREMENTACTIVE LABORPUBLIC HEALTHLIFE EXPECTANCYDRIVERSJOB SEEKERSWORK EXPERIENCELABOR MARKETEMPLOYMENT POLICIESUNEMPLOYED WORKERSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTON-THE-JOB TRAININGSMOKINGWORKERPREVIOUS STUDIESACTIVE LABOR MARKETAGINGCONTINUED EMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYEDMIGRATIONJOB LOSSOLDER WORKERSOBSERVATIONMARKETINGHOUSEHOLD INCOMEVOCATIONAL EDUCATIONJOB TRAININGUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCELABORLABOUR MARKETSJOB SEARCHMIGRANTSLOW UNEMPLOYMENTMORTALITYEARNINGS GROWTHFEMALE LABORWELL-FUNCTIONING LABOR MARKETACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIESUNEMPLOYMENTAVERAGE WAGESPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHHUMAN CAPITALOLDER PEOPLEWORKERSLABOR MARKET PROGRAMSYOUNG WORKERSAGEDSOCIAL SERVICESPRODUCTIVE WORKPRODUCT INNOVATIONSEMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATIONACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMSLIFESTYLEAVERAGE WAGECONTRIBUTION RATELABOR CONTRACTLIFELONG LEARNINGEMPLOYMENT SECURITYWAGE SUBSIDIESHEALTH OUTCOMESOCCUPATIONSAGE GROUPSLABOUR MARKETOCCUPATIONAGGREGATE DEMANDEMPLOYMENT SERVICEJOB CREATIONPRIVATE SECTORHOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSEARNINGINTERNETMANAGEMENTRISK FACTORSWALKINGVOCATIONAL REHABILITATIONWEIGHTPAYROLL TAXPENSION ACCOUNTCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESCHILDRENPUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICEEMPLOYABILITYLABOUR FORCESUBSTITUTION EFFECTWORKING CONDITIONSFEMALE LABOR FORCEEMPLOYEEYOUNGER WORKERSPRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEESLABOR SUPPLYFINDING JOBSUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITSSTRATEGYLABOURLABOR MARKETSINTERNATIONAL COMPARISONSMENTALEMPLOYMENT PAPERLABOR REGULATIONSFINDING EMPLOYMENTFOOD INDUSTRYABSENTEEISMTRAINING SERVICESEMPLOYEESWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/22613