Balabanyan, AniHofer, KathrinFinn, JohuaHankinson, Denzel2015-06-302015-06-302015-03https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22088This report identifies the most viable heating options and related investment measures to meet heating demand in urban residential and public buildings in Tajikistan. The report provides an overview of the condition and performance of the urban heating sector and building stock, and assesses, in detail, the situation in Dushanbe and Khujand. The report gives introduction in section one. Section two gives an overview of the physical, institutional, and regulatory characteristics of the urban heating sector in Tajikistan and includes an analysis of the urban building stock. Sections three and four describe the heat supply and demand characteristics of Dushanbe and Khujand and estimate the unmet heating demand in these cities. Section five evaluates the available supply and demand side heating options and investment measures that can be implemented to improve the heating sectors in the target cities. Section six recommends priority investment measures for each building type, identifies related policy actions to facilitate implementation of the recommended investments, highlights key implementation issues, and describes the next steps necessary to implement them.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGORENEWABLE RESOURCESPRIMARY ELECTRICITYPROCESS HEATFLUE GASRESIDENTIAL CONSUMERSCOAL BOILERSELECTRICITY TARIFFHEATING SYSTEMSHEAT METERSCOAL EXTRACTIONGENERATIONCOST OF ELECTRICITYSOLAR WATER HEATERSGAS IMPORTSINVESTMENTS IN ENERGYHEAT DEMANDEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTPRICEVOLTAGECLEANERCLEAN AIRSAFER OPERATIONPETROLEUMCOAL USEEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSAIR POLLUTIONOILENERGY SOURCESELECTRIC SUPPLYHOT WATER BOILERSRESIDENTIAL ENERGYFUEL USESANDIMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCYTHERMAL OUTPUTEFFICIENCY INVESTMENTSSTEAM TURBINESDISTRIBUTION LOSSESSPACE HEATERSINVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIESDEMAND FOR HEATCOAL RESERVESFUELSFUEL SWITCHINGFUEL COSTSGREENHOUSE GASESHEAT TRANSMISSIONHEATING SYSTEMGASIFICATIONRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSHEAT ENERGYENERGY SAVINGSFUEL SUPPLYEMISSIONCOAL GASIFICATIONPEAK LOADRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGAMBIENT AIRBALANCEENERGY NEEDSELECTRICITYCEMENTSYNTHESIS GASHYDROPOWERELECTRICITY GENERATIONPETROLEUM GASPARTICULATEENERGY USETRANSMISSION LOSSESPILOT PROJECTSENERGY DEMANDACCESS TO ELECTRICITYTRANSPORT OF COALHEAT OUTPUTTARIFF STRUCTURECOALFUELDISTRIBUTION NETWORKELECTRICAL OUTPUTFACILITIESCOAL GASRENEWABLE SOURCESCOST OF HEATEFFICIENCY POTENTIALREPLACEMENT OF PIPELINESHEAT SUPPLYPLANT EFFICIENCYHEAT GENERATIONNATURAL GAS SUPPLYPIPELINEENERGY COSTSOPEN’ SYSTEMSFUEL COSTAPPROACHEMPLOYMENTPOWER GRIDENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTSHEAT DELIVERYWOOD BURNINGPEAK HEATDISTRICT HEATINGACTIVITIESENERGY COST SAVINGSENERGY SOURCEELECTRICITY SYSTEMEMISSIONSGAS PRICESPOWER CONDITIONERSMAXIMUM EFFICIENCYELECTRIC HEATERSUTILITY DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENTPOWER SHORTAGESGASGAS CONSUMPTIONRESIDENTIAL HOUSINGHOT WATER SUPPLYELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONSOURCE OF ELECTRICITYBOILERSHEAT PRODUCTIONBIOMASSGENERATION CAPACITYHEAT TARIFFSNATURAL GAS PRICESBOILER HOUSEPOWER SECTORSUSTAINABLE ENERGYENERGY SHORTAGESBOILERGAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORKOPTIONSENERGY RESOURCESSOLID FUELSWATERPOLLUTION LEVELSTHERMAL PERFORMANCEELECTRICITY SUPPLYBOILER HOUSESHEAT PUMPPOLLUTIONTHERMAL ENERGYGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTFUEL CONSUMPTIONPARTICULATE MATTERENERGY CONSUMPTIONACCESS TO ENERGYELECTRIC ENERGYHEATENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSELECTRICITY DEMANDUTILITIESGAS BOILERSHEAT METERINGPOWERSUPPLY OF ELECTRICITYFLUE GAS EMISSIONSCOAL COMBUSTIONGAS SUPPLYENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSGAS SUPPLIESHEAVY FUEL OILHOT WATERELECTRICITY TARIFFSENERGY BILLSENERGY PRICESTURBINESENERGY EFFICIENCYHEAT EXCHANGERSNATURAL GASHEAT TARIFFENERGY CONSERVATIONCOMBUSTIONINVESTMENTRENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGYCOAL CONSUMPTIONCOAL SUPPLYTARIFFFUEL TYPEFUEL OILAVAILABILITYINVESTMENTSHEAVY RELIANCEPRICE SPIKESGASESSPACE HEATINGPEAK HEAT DEMANDEVAPORATIONNATURAL GAS CONSUMPTIONCOAL PRODUCTIONPRICESGAS DISTRIBUTIONAMBIENT TEMPERATUREHEAT PUMPSENERGYWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/22088