Rojas, Juan ManuelLallement, Dominique2014-04-172014-04-172007-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17915The present report was prepared on the basis of the findings of an international workshop held from September 12-14, 2005, in Salvador da Bahia, and was attended by delegations of three to five practitioners from 12 cities in Latin America, Africa and Asia. It had two main objectives: (a) to share experiences on innovative solutions to provide electricity services in poor peri-urban and urban areas; and (b) to develop a body of knowledge to be disseminated and used by a wide array of practitioners involved in the provision of energy services in those areas. One of the most important conclusions of the Bahia workshop was that excluding part of the population from access to energy on account of their poverty, marginalization and the informality of the settlements has enormous long-term social, economic and financial costs. The root cause of the contemporary difficulty in providing electricity and other infrastructure services through public or private utilities is decades of such social exclusion, poverty and marginalization which have led to total distrust between formal structures and consumers, and to the rise of illegal and costly electricity distribution systems, often managed by private illegal entrepreneurs. Do current regulatory systems support slum electrification? At the institutional level, it was confirmed that in the majority of the countries participating in the workshop, except for Brazil, electrification programs for poor peri-urban and urban areas are being deployed with a lack of appropriate regulatory frameworks to support these efforts. The regulatory frameworks which have been developed for the general model of public-private partnership do not meet the need of distribution companies working in predominantly poor areas. In particular, they do not reflect the need for innovative technical characteristics and the informal sector relationships which characterize poor urban and peri-urban areas, nor are there regulatory mechanisms for risk-sharing or resolving disputes, for example, when the infrastructure is damaged. It would be important, therefore, to adapt regulatory frameworks for the various business models used to extend the grids to slums. Currently, utilities are left to their own devices to find out practical solutions. This is an area which was identified as needing more analytical work.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS COSTSACCESS ROADSACCESS TO CREDITACCESS TO ELECTRICITYACCESS TO ENERGYAIR POLLUTIONALTERNATIVE ENERGYAPPROACHARCHITECTUREBALANCEBARRIOBASIC INFRASTRUCTUREBENEFICIARIESBEST PRACTICEBUDGETARY CONSTRAINTSCASH FLOWCASH FLOWSCITIESCITIZENSCOMMUNITIESCOMMUNITY HEALTHCOMMUNITY LEADERSCOMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONSCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCOMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPSCOMMUNITY RELATIONSCONSUMERCONSUMER BEHAVIORCONSUMER RIGHTSCONSUMPTION OF ENERGYCONTINGENCIESCONTRIBUTIONCOST OF ELECTRICITYCOSTS OF ELECTRICITYCURRENCYDAY-CAREDEBTDEBT ARREARSDELIVERY MECHANISMSDEMOGRAPHERSDEMOGRAPHIC TRENDSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT BANKDISEASESDISPOSABLE INCOMEDISSEMINATIONDISTANCE LEARNINGDISTANCE LEARNING COURSEDISTRIBUTION NETWORKDWELLINGSECONOMIC ACTIVITIESEDUCATION PROGRAMSEDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIESEDUCATIONAL PROGRAMSELECTRICITYELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTIONELECTRICITY SERVICESELECTRICITY SUPPLYELECTRICITY USAGEELECTRICITY UTILITIESELECTRIFICATIONENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY DEMANDENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EXPENDITUREENERGY NEEDSENERGY SOURCESENERGY SUPPLYENERGY USAGEENERGY USEENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATIONESSENTIAL NEEDSFAVELAFEMALEFEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDSFINANCIAL ASPECTSFINANCIAL COSTSFINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITYFUELSGENERATIONGOVERNMENT AGENCIESHEALTH IMPACTHIGH POPULATION GROWTHHOME IMPROVEMENTSHOME VISITSHOMESHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLDSHOUSESHOUSINGHOUSING IMPROVEMENTSHYGIENEILLEGAL SETTLEMENTSILLITERACYIMMIGRATIONINCOMEINCOME GROUPSINCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIESINCOMESINDOOR AIR POLLUTIONINFORMAL SETTLEMENTSINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTSINHABITANTSINSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMSINSURANCEINSURANCE POLICIESINTERVENTIONINVESTMENT ACTIVITIESINVESTMENT DECISIONSKEROSENELAND OWNERSHIPLAND TENURELEGAL RECOURSELEGAL STATUSLIVING CONDITIONSLOCAL AUTHORITIESLOCAL COMMUNITYLOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL MUNICIPALITIESLOCALITIESLOW INCOMELOW-INCOMELOW-INCOME CONSUMERSMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMAYORSMIGRANTSMOBILITYMUNICIPAL CORPORATIONMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTSMUNICIPALITYNATIONAL GOVERNMENTNATIONAL GOVERNMENTSNEIGHBORHOODNEIGHBORHOODSOWNERSHIP OF LANDPERMANENT SETTLEMENTPETROLEUMPETROLEUM GASPILOT PROJECTSPOLICY MAKERSPOLITICAL SUPPORTPOPULATION DENSITYPOPULATION GROWTH RATEPOVERTY LEVELPOWERPOWER DISTRIBUTIONPOWER SECTORPOWER SYSTEMSPRACTITIONERSPROGRESSPUBLIC AWARENESSPUBLIC INVESTMENTSPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSQUALITY ENERGYRADIORADIO PROGRAMRAPID GROWTHREGIONAL DISPARITIESREGULATORY FRAMEWORKSRESETTLEMENTRESIDENTIAL CONSUMERSRESPECTRESPONSIBILITIESRISK PROFILERURAL AREASSAFE WATERSAFETYSANITATIONSAVINGSSELF-ESTEEMSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE PROVIDERSERVICE PROVIDERSSERVICE PROVISIONSETTLEMENTSHANTY TOWNSHANTY TOWNSSHANTYTOWNSSLUMSLUM AREASLUM AREASSLUM DWELLERSSLUMSSOCIAL CONDITIONSSOCIAL EXCLUSIONSOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURESOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL STATUSSOCIAL WORKERSSTAKEHOLDERSTAKEHOLDERSSTATE BUDGETSSTATE GOVERNMENTSTATE UNIVERSITYSTREET LIGHTINGSTREETSSUPPLY OF ELECTRICITYSUSTAINABLE ENERGYTRADITIONAL BIOMASSTRANSACTIONUNEMPLOYEDURBAN AREASURBAN GROWTHURBAN POORURBAN POPULATIONUSE OF ENERGYUSE OF RESOURCESUTILITIESVIOLENCE ON WOMENVOLTAGEVULNERABILITYWARWORTHZONING10.1596/17915