Brenton, PaulEdwards-Jones, GarethJensen, Michael Friis2012-03-302012-03-302009Development Policy Review09506764https://hdl.handle.net/10986/5452This article discusses the carbon accounting and carbon-labelling schemes being developed to address growing concerns over climate change. Its particular concern is their impact on small stakeholders, especially low-income countries. The popular belief that trade is by definition problematic is not true; carbon efficiencies elsewhere in the supply chain may more than offset emissions from transportation. Indeed, low-income countries may offer important opportunities for carbon emission reductions because of their favourable climatic conditions and use of low energy-intensive production techniques. However, their effective inclusion in labelling schemes will require innovative solutions to provide low-cost data collection and certification.ENCountry and Industry Studies of Trade F140Transactional RelationshipsContracts and ReputationNetworks L140Economic Development: AgricultureNatural ResourcesEnergyEnvironmentOther Primary Products O130International Linkages to DevelopmentRole of International Organizations O190Pollution Control Adoption CostsDistributional EffectsEmployment Effects Q520ClimateNatural DisastersGlobal Warming Q540Environmental Economics: Government Policy Q580Journal ArticleWorld Bank