Tremolet, Sophie2012-08-132012-08-132002-06Viewpoint. -- Note no. 249 (June 2002)https://hdl.handle.net/10986/11343In C�e d'Ivoire and Senegal water service is provided by privately operated national water utilities operating under enhanced lease contracts. While the national operators have performed relatively well within their service areas, their ability to expand service to rural areas has been limited. This Note focuses on the key factors shaping rural service expansion: reliance on cross-subsidies, the limited transfer of commercial risk to the private sector, and the lack of competition for serving new population centers beyond the utilities' existing areas of exclusivity. It compares the national model with those of more decentralized service provision for rural areas.CC BY 3.0 IGOASSET HOLDERASSET HOLDING COMPANYBILATERAL AIDBILL COLLECTIONCOMMUNITY WATERCONCESSION CONTRACTCROSS-SUBSIDIESCROSS-SUBSIDIZATIONCUBIC METERCUBIC METERSENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCESEXPLOITATIONLOCAL CAPACITYLOCAL OPERATORSLOCAL WATERNATIONAL UTILITIESNATIONAL UTILITYOILPIPELINEPOPULATION CENTERSPRIVATE OPERATORPRIVATE OPERATORSPUBLIC OWNERSHIPRURAL COMMUNITIESRURAL WATERSERVICE AREASERVICE PROVISIONSMALL TOWNSTOWNSTRANSPARENCYURBAN AREASURBAN CENTERSURBAN WATERWATER COMPANYWATER METERSWATER PRODUCTIONWATER SECTORWATER SECTOR DEVELOPMENTWATER SERVICEWATER SERVICESWATER SOURCEWATER SOURCESWATER TARIFFSWATER UTILITIESWATER UTILITYWATERSWELLS RURAL WATER SUPPLYWATER SERVICE CONNECTIONSPRIVATE INFRASTRUCTUREPRIVATE INTERMEDIATIONWATER UTILITIESSERVICE DELIVERYCROSS-SUBSIDIESCOMMERCIAL RISKSCOMPETITIVENESSDECENTRALIZATIONWorld Bank10.1596/11343