World Bank2017-02-172017-02-172012-10https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26078Africa's growing demand for food has been met increasingly by imports from the global market. This, coupled with rising global food prices, brings ever-mounting food import bills. In addition, population growth and changing demand patterns will double demands over the next 10 years. Two key issues must be addressed: (a) establishing a consistent and stable policy environment for regional trade in fertilizers; and (b) investing in institutions that reduce the transaction costs of coordination failures. Many countries have enacted new fertilizer laws in recent years, but few have provided the resources to define and enforce regulations through standards and testing capacity. This report shows that reducing regulatory burdens on fertilizers and the consequent increase in use of fertilizers will have substantial impacts on returns to farmers, with consequent impacts on poverty. The report highlights the range of barriers to food trade in Africa along the entire value chain. The issues pertain to many ministries and agencies within government: trade, agricultural, health and safety, transport, and finance. This in turn requires a "whole of government' approach to freeing up food trade, which will require strong and effective leadership to articulate the rationale and sustain the momentum for reform. Leaders must also address the hard choices that will arise in dealing with the political economy constraints that have until now blocked the capacity of Africa to exploit its enormous potential to feed Africans.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO FOODACCESS TO MARKETSADVERSE IMPACTAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL EXTENSIONAGRICULTURAL GROWTHAGRICULTURAL LANDAGRICULTURAL OUTPUTAGRICULTURAL POLICIESAGRICULTURAL POLICYAGRICULTURAL PRICESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTHAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL SEASONAGRICULTURAL SECTORAGRICULTUREASYMMETRIC INFORMATIONBAGGINGBANANASBANKRUPTCYCARTELSCASH FLOWCASSAVACEREAL IMPORTSCEREALSCLIMATE CHANGECLIMATIC CONDITIONSCOASTAL REGIONSCOCOACOMMERCECOMMERCIALIZATIONCOMMODITY PRICESCOMMON MARKETCOMPETITIVE MARKETSCOMPETITIVENESSCONSUMER PRICECONSUMER PRICESCONSUMERSCROP PRODUCTIONDANGERSDEFICIT REGIONSDEMAND FOR FOODDEMOGRAPHICSDEVELOPING REGIONSDOMESTIC MARKETDROUGHT YEARSECOLOGICAL ZONESECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC COOPERATIONECONOMIC VALUEEXCESS DEMANDEXPENDITUREEXPENDITURESEXPORT MARKETEXPORTSEXTENSION AGENTSFARMERFARMERSFLOURFOOD BASKETFOOD COMMODITIESFOOD CROPFOOD CROPSFOOD IMPORTSFOOD INSECURITYFOOD MARKETINGFOOD MARKETSFOOD POLICYFOOD POLICY RESEARCHFOOD PRICEFOOD PRICESFOOD PRODUCTIONFOOD PRODUCTSFOOD SAFETYFOOD SECURITYFOOD SELF-SUFFICIENCYFOOD SHORTAGESFOOD STAPLESFOOD STOCKSFOOD SURPLUSFORECASTSFRUITSGDPGOVERNMENT SUBSIDYGRAIN PRODUCTIONGRAINSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROUNDNUTSHAZARDIFPRIINCLUSIVE PROCESSESINCOME GROUPSINCREASING RETURNSINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTEINTERNATIONAL MARKETSINTRA-REGIONAL TRADEINTRAREGIONAL TRADEIRRIGATIONLABELINGLEGUMESLIQUIDITYMAIZEMARKET ACCESSMARKET CONDITIONSMARKET DEVELOPMENTMARKET DEVELOPMENTSMARKET FAILURESMARKET INFORMATIONMARKET POWERMARKET PRICEMARKET PRICESMARKET VALUEMILLSNET EXPORTSNET IMPORTSORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREPESTICIDEPESTICIDESPLANT HEALTHPOLICY ENVIRONMENTPOLICY INSTRUMENTSPOLICY MAKERSPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOOR CONSUMERSPOOR FAMILIESPOOR FARMERSPOOR PEOPLEPOOR PRODUCERSPOOR SMALL FARMERSPOOR WOMENPOPULATION GROWTHPOST HARVESTPOST HARVEST LOSSESPOTATOPOTATOESPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRICE CHANGESPRICE CONTROLSPRICE FLUCTUATIONSPRICE INCREASESPRICE STABILIZATIONPRICE VOLATILITYPRODUCER ORGANIZATIONSPRODUCER PRICESPRODUCERSPRODUCTION INCREASESPRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPULSESPURCHASINGQUALITY ASSESSMENTQUALITY STANDARDSQUOTASREAL INCOMEREGIONAL AGREEMENTSREGIONAL APPROACHREGIONAL DEMANDREGIONAL FOODREGIONAL GROUPINGSREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL LEVELREGIONAL LEVELSREGIONAL MARKETREGIONAL MARKETSREGIONAL NETWORKSREGIONAL PRODUCTIONREGIONAL PROJECTSREGIONAL SOURCESREGIONAL TRADEREGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTREGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTSREGIONAL TRADE INTEGRATIONREGIONAL VALUERETAILRETAILINGRICERISK MANAGEMENTROOT VEGETABLESRURAL AREASRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL INCOMESRURAL POPULATIONSRURAL PRODUCTIONSALESALESSECURITIESSEED CERTIFICATIONSMALLHOLDER FARMERSSOYA BEANSSTAPLE FOODSSTATISTICAL ANALYSISSTORAGE FACILITIESSUB-REGIONSUBSTITUTESSUPERMARKETSSUPPLIERSSUPPLY CHAINSUPPLY COSTSSWEET POTATOESTARIFF BARRIERSTAXATIONTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETOTAL COSTSTRADE BARRIERSTRADE COMPETITIVENESSTRADE POLICIESTRADE POLICYTRANSACTION COSTSTUBERSVALUE ADDEDVETERINARY SERVICESWAREHOUSEWEATHER PATTERNSWFPWHEATWHEAT FLOURWHOLESALERSWORLD FOOD PROGRAMWORLD MARKETWORLD REGIONSYAMYAMSReportWorld Bank10.1596/26078