Barth, James R.Caprio, Gerard, Jr.Levine, Ross2012-05-302012-05-302008-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6664This paper presents new and official survey information on bank regulations in 142 countries and makes comparisons with two earlier surveys. The data do not suggest that countries have primarily reformed their bank regulations for the better over the last decade. Following Basel guidelines many countries strengthened capital regulations and official supervisory agencies, but existing evidence suggests that these reforms will not improve bank stability or efficiency. While some countries have empowered private monitoring of banks, consistent with the third pillar of Basel II, there are many exceptions and reversals along this dimension.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICESADVERSE EFFECTSALLOCATION OF CAPITALAMOUNT OF CAPITALAUDITINGBALANCE SHEETBANK ACTIVITIESBANK ACTIVITYBANK BORROWERSBANK CREDITBANK CREDITORSBANK ENTRYBANK EQUITYBANK LENDINGBANK LOANBANK LOANSBANK OFFICIALSBANK REGULATIONBANK REGULATIONSBANK RISKBANK SUPERVISIONBANK SUPERVISORSBANK VALUATIONBANKING CRISESBANKING CRISISBANKING REGULATIONBANKING SECTORBANKING SYSTEMBANKING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENTBANKING SYSTEMSBANKSBARRIERBRIBEBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTCAPITAL ACCORDCAPITAL ACCOUNTCAPITAL ACCOUNT LIBERALIZATIONCAPITAL ACCOUNT TRANSACTIONSCAPITAL REGULATIONCAPITAL REQUIREMENTSCAPITALIZATIONCDCOMMERCIAL BANKCOMMERCIAL BANKINGCORPORATE GOVERNANCECORRUPTIONCREDIT ALLOCATIONCREDIT MARKETSCREDITORSCREDITWORTHINESSCRISIS COUNTRIESCROATIAN NATIONAL BANKDEPOSITDEPOSIT INSURANCEDEPOSITORDEPOSITORSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTSDIVERSIFICATIONDIVIDENDSDOMESTIC BANKDUMMY VARIABLEEARNING ASSETSECONOMIC GROWTHEMERGING MARKETEMERGING MARKET ECONOMIESEMPOWERMENTENDOWMENTSENTRY REQUIREMENTSEXPORTEREXTERNAL AUDITORSFEE INCOMEFINANCIAL CONGLOMERATESFINANCIAL ECONOMISTSFINANCIAL INFORMATIONFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL INTERMEDIATIONFINANCIAL POLICYFINANCIAL SECTORFINANCIAL SECTOR ASSESSMENTFINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENTFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCIAL SYSTEMFINANCIAL SYSTEMSFIRM GROWTHFLOW OF CREDITFOREIGN BANKSFOREIGN CAPITALFOREIGN ENTRYFOREIGN FIRMFRAUDGOVERNMENT POLICYGOVERNMENT SECURITIESINCOME FLOWSINCOME STREAMSINEQUALITYINFLATIONINFLATION RATEINSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENTINSURANCEINTEREST INCOMEINTEREST RATEINTEREST RATE SPREADSINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICSINTERNATIONAL RATING AGENCIESINVESTINGINVESTMENT BANKINGLAWSLEGAL SYSTEMSLIQUIDITYLOANMACROECONOMIC INSTABILITYMARKET FAILURESMARKET PARTICIPANTSMARKET SHAREMARKET STRUCTUREMONETARY FUNDMORAL HAZARDNET INTEREST MARGINNON-PERFORMING LOANOVERHEAD COSTSOWNERSHIP RIGHTSPARTICULAR COUNTRIESPARTICULAR COUNTRYPOSITIVE COEFFICIENTPRIVATE INVESTORSPROBABILITYRATING AGENCIESREAL ESTATEREGULATORREGULATORY AGENCYREGULATORY CAPITALREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTREGULATORY FRAMEWORKREGULATORY IMPEDIMENTSREGULATORY POLICIESREGULATORY REQUIREMENTSREGULATORY RESTRICTIONSREGULATORY SYSTEMRESEARCH ASSISTANCERESUMERETURNRISK MANAGEMENTRISK TAKINGSALESSAVINGSSECURITIESSECURITIES MARKETSECURITIES MARKETSSENIORSHAREHOLDERSHAREHOLDER RIGHTSSHAREHOLDERSSOCIAL WELFARESOURCE OF FUNDSSOURCES OF FUNDSSUBORDINATED DEBTSUPERVISORY AGENCIESSUPERVISORY AGENCYSUPERVISORY AUTHORITYSUPERVISORY POWERSUPERVISORY POWERSTRINIDAD AND TOBAGOVALUABLEVALUATIONWorld Bankhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4646